Inherited Metabolic Disorders
OHSU Doernbecher Children’s Hospital provides state-of-the art care for people with inherited metabolic disorders. We offer:
- The only program in Oregon with full care for inherited metabolic disorders
- Specialists who include doctors, nurse practitioners, metabolic dietitians and genetic counselors
- A team approach to diagnosis and long-term treatment
- A Metabolic Food Room with foods and formulas for these conditions
Understanding inherited metabolic disorders
Metabolism is the set of chemical reactions that turn food into energy inside our bodies. These reactions rely on enzymes that our bodies make. If an enzyme is missing or doesn’t work properly, that can lead to a metabolic disorder. The disorder may cause problems with metabolizing protein, fat or carbohydrates.
Inherited metabolic disorders are genetic conditions. When someone is diagnosed with one, family members may need to be tested.
As a group, inherited metabolic disorders affect about one in 2,000 people. But single types of metabolic disorders are rare. The most common types affect about 1 in 20,000 people. The least common types affect 1 or 2 of every million people.
Most inherited metabolic disorders happen when someone inherits a gene that has changed.
Types of metabolic disorders
Metabolic disorders are grouped by how they affect metabolism. Some disorders affect the body’s ability to use fats for energy. Another group affects how the body breaks down amino acids in protein.
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Lysosomal storage disorders
Lysosomes are the recycling centers of our cells. They contain enzymes that break down waste. When a person doesn’t have a certain enzyme, waste can build up. Some common types of disorders we treat include:
- Mucopolysaccharidoses, a group of disorders
- Gaucher disease
- Fabry disease
- Pompe disease
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Disorders of carbohydrate metabolism
The most common type is galactosemia, which results when the body can’t break down a type of sugar called galactose. Symptoms include:
- Jaundice
- Vomiting
- Enlarged liver
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Disorders of amino acid metabolism
These disorders result when the body can’t use certain amino acids found in protein. The most common disorder is phenylketonuria (PKU). Others include:
- Maple syrup urine disease
- Tyrosinemia
- Homocystinuria
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Fatty acid oxidation disorders
These disorders affect the body’s ability to use fats for energy. Symptoms can develop after intense exercise or after a person goes a long time without eating.
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Disorders of energy metabolism
These disorders affect the body’s ability to turn calories from sugars, fats and proteins into energy. Problems can range from muscle fatigue to learning disabilities.
Symptoms of metabolic disorders
Symptoms can begin before birth or a few weeks after. Sometimes symptoms don’t appear until late childhood or adulthood.
With some metabolic disorders, symptoms occur only with certain foods, drinks or medications. Symptoms may also follow minor illness or when a child doesn’t eat or drink enough.
Key symptoms include:
- Sleepiness and lack of energy
- Confusion or abnormal behavior
- Poor appetite
- Vomiting
- Jaundice (yellow skin)
- Not gaining weight or growing
- Seizures
Diagnosing metabolic disorders
Symptoms: Some disorders are diagnosed when symptoms appear.
Newborn screening: Every U.S. state tests new babies for inherited metabolic disorders. The types tested for depend on which state a baby is born in. At Doernbecher, babies who test positive are referred to OHSU's metabolic genetics team.
DNA tests: Your doctor or your child’s doctor may refer you to us to confirm a diagnosis. We will do DNA tests on blood or saliva. Learn what else to expect during your visit.
Treating inherited metabolic disorders
Inherited metabolic disorders often can’t be cured. In most cases, people have them for life. We focus on getting metabolism as close to normal as possible.
Our team meets weekly to discuss patients’ cases and coordinate treatment plans. Each patient may see a doctor, nurse practitioner, nurse, dietitian and genetic counselor. We regularly check each patient’s growth, nutrition and development.
Patients may also see a:
- Physical therapist, for help with movement
- Occupational therapist, for help with daily activities
- Speech-language pathologist, for help communicating
- Audiologist, for hearing issues
- Cardiologist, for heart concerns
- Ophthalmologist, for vision problems
Treatment can include:
- Avoiding certain foods or limiting time between meals
- Diets that limit nutrients the body can’t break down
- Enzyme replacement or other supplements to help with metabolism
- Medications that help the body get rid of certain substances
Metabolic Food Room
The OHSU Metabolic Food Room provides medical foods and formulas for patients with inherited metabolic disorders.
To order food or formula, you or your child must be up to date on clinic visits. Many insurers require a recent clinic visit to approve an order. If you or your child has not seen us in the last 12 months, please call us at 503-494-8307 In some cases we can take an order if you have a scheduled appointment.
If you live in the Portland area (Multnomah, Clackamas, Washington and Clark counties), we request that you come pick-up your orders in person at the Food Room. The alternative is dropshipping your order (allow up to 3 weeks). If you need assistance with picking up your orders in person, please let us know. If you live outside the area and are in the continental United States, we can ship your order.
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Insurance
Most insurance plans that cover medical food and formula require advance approval. If we don’t have this approval, you may be billed or have your order delayed.
If your insurance has changed since your last order, please call OHSU registration at 503-494-8505 as soon as possible so we can update our records.
Medicare and some employer plans don’t cover medical food or formula. It’s best to check with your plan about your coverage.
If you’re shopping for insurance, ask the insurer:
- If CPT code S9435 (medical foods for inborn errors of metabolism) is a covered benefit under your plan for your diagnosis. You can ask us for your diagnosis code.
- What your deductible and out-of-pocket costs will be for medical food or formula
- If you’ll have a copay for medical food or formula
If your insurance doesn’t cover medical food or formula, you can:
- Contact OHSU Financial Assistance
- Ask OHSU Patient Billing Services about a payment plan
- Apply to a patient assistance program for people with rare diseases
- Ask us to speak with your insurer about your needs
- Pay out of pocket
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Ordering
It’s best to order through MyChart. You can also order by phone at 503-494-2416. We don’t take email orders.
For MyChart orders:
- Open the Messages tab.
- Choose “send a non-urgent medical question.”
- Choose “other question.”
- Choose our dietitian or another member of the metabolic disorders team.
- In the subject line, please write whether you are placing a food order, formula order or both. Include “urgent” if needed.
- In your message, please tell us:
- Formula or food items needed, number of items, flavors and other details
- If you’re ordering formula: How many days of formula you have at home
- Your shipping address
- Your insurance company and policy number
- Note: We need all this information in each order.
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Pickup
If you live in the Portland metro area (Multnomah, Clackamas, Washington, and Clark counties), we request that you come pick-up your orders in person at the Food Room. The alternative is dropshipping your order (allow up to 3 weeks). If you need assistance with picking up your orders in person, please let us know.
You can pick up items Monday through Friday between 8:30 am and 4:30 pm.
Please give at least 2 hours notice and confirm with a metabolic team member.
Our Food Room is located at:
Child Development and Rehabilitation Center (CDRC)
707 SW Gaines St.
Room 1131
Portland, OR 97239There is free patient parking in Lot 50 in front of the building. If you are parked at Doernbecher’s and are visiting the Food Room, you may want to borrow a wagon from reception to return your products to your car.
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Shipping
If you live outside of the Portland metro area, your order may be drop shipped or shipped directly from the Food Room depending on supply and shipping costs.
You may specifically request a Food Room shipment in your message if you need your items quicker. You will need to place your order before 1 PM on a business day to have the best chance of your items being shipped the same day.
We expect Food Room shipments to arrive within 3 days. If your order is delayed, please call us at 503-494-2416 to check on the status.
Upon request, we can provide you with a tracking number for any of your shipments.
We cannot ship:
- By urgent or express shipping.
- Outside of the continental United States. If you plan to travel outside the continental U.S., please talk to us in advance so we can make sure you have what you need before you go.
Learn more
- Fabry disease, MedLine Plus, National Library of Medicine
- Galactosemia, MedLine Plus, National Library of Medicine
- Gaucher disease, MedLine Plus, National Library of Medicine
- Phenylketonuria, Medline Plus, National Library of Medicine
- Pompe disease, Medline Plus, National Library of Medicine
Resources
Inherited Metabolic Disorders Team
Locations
Metabolic Genetics Clinic
OHSU Doernbecher Children’s Hospital, seventh floor
700 S.W. Campus Drive
Portland, OR 97239
Metabolic Food Room
Child Development and Rehabilitation Center
707 S.W. Gaines St., Room 1131
Portland, OR 97239
Free parking for patients and visitors
Refer a patient
- Refer a patient to OHSU
- For provider-to-provider advice: 503-494-4567