MADDY Study Publications (2019-present)

Ast, H. K., Hammer, M., Zhang, S., Bruton, A., Hatsu, I. E., Leung, B., McClure, R., Srikanth, P., Farris, Y., Norby-Adams, L., Robinette, L. M., Arnold, L. E., Swann, J. R., Zhu, J., Karstens, L. & Johnstone, J. M. (2025). Gut microbiome changes with micronutrient supplementation in children with attention–deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the MADDY study. Gut Microbes, 17(1), 2463570. doi: 10.1080/19490976.2025.2463570 

Bruton AM, Robinette LM, Hatsu IE, Ast HK, Leung BMY. Arnold LE. Zava D. Johnstone JM. Urinary histamine not associated with severity of ADHD and emotional dysregulation symptoms: A cross-sectional secondary data analysis from the MADDY study. Adv Neurodevel Disorders. doi: 10.1007/s41252-024-00432-y 

Robinette LM, Johnstone JM, Srikanth P, Bruton AM, Ralle M, AST HK, Bradley R, Leung BMY, LE Arnold, IE Hatsu. Evaluating mineral biomarkers as mediators and moderators of behavioural improvements in a randomized controlled trial of multinutrients for children with ADHD. Brit J Nutrition: 2024:1-15. doi: 10.1017/S0007114524001132. 

Tost G, Srikanth P, Bruton AM, Hatsu I, Leung B, Ast H, Eiterman L, Robinette LM, Williams C, Gracious B, Arnold LE, Johnstone JM. Personalizing outcomes by Parent Target Problem in an RCT: Which problems respond to broad-spectrum micronutrients? Eur Child Adolsc Psych, 2024. doi: 10.1007/s00787-024-02463-1 

Leung BMY, Srikanth P, Bruton AM, Robinette LM, Tost G, Hatsu IE, Arnold LE, Johnstone JM. Micronutrients for ADHD in Youth (MADDY) Study: Comparisons of results from RCT and Open Label Extension. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2023. doi: 10.1007/s00787-023-02236-2  

Johnstone JM, Srikanth P, Robinette LM, Bruton AM, Leung BMY, Gracious BL, Hatsu IE, Vitiello B, Arnold LE. Dr. Johnstone et al. Reply to Dr. Hamilton: Ways to Examine Blinding in Randomized Clinical Trial of Micronutrients in Children with ADHD. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2023. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2023.07.992. 

Johnstone JM, Arnold LE, Villagomez A, Robinette LM, Gracious BL, Ast HK, Bruton AM, Hatsu IE. Dr. Johnstone et al. Reply to Dr. Elmrayed: Dosages of Nutrient Supplements and Potential Long-Term Toxicity in ADHD Micronutrient Study. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2023. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2023.07.994.  

Robinette LM, Hatsu IE, Johnstone JM, Bruton AM, Leung BMY, Arnold LE. Response to Treatment with a Multinutrient for ADHD is Independent of Diet Quality: The MADDY RCT.  Nutr Neurosci, 2023. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2023.2191415 

Hatsu, IE; Robinette, LM; Johnstone, JM; Bruton, AM; Leung, BMY; Orchard, T & Arnold, LE. Letter to the editor response, Nutr Neurosci, 2023. doi: 10.1080/1028415X. 2023.2177579 

Bruton AM, Senders A, Tost G, Ast H, Robinette L, Leung B, Hatsu I, Arnold LE, and Johnstone JM. Pain sensitivity and perceptual sensitivity are associated with severity of emotional dysregulation in children with ADHD: A cross-sectional analysis using the Temperament in Middle Childhood Questionnaire. Disabil Rehabil. 2022. doi: 10.1080/09638288.2022.2043946 

Lu, S; Bruton, AM; Millington, E; Alexander, E; Camden, K; Johnstone, JM; Hatsu, I; Arnold, LE; Leung, BMY. Parents’ Priorities and Preferences for Treatment of their Children with ADHD: Qualitative Inquiry in the MADDY Study, a Multinutrient Intervention Trial. Child: Care Health Dev. 2022 Sep. doi: 10.1111/cch.12995 

Robinette, LM; Hatsu, I; Johnstone JM; Tost, G; Bruton, AM; Eiterman, LP; Leung, BMY; Odie, JB; Orchard, T; Gracious, BL; Arnold, LE. Fruit and Vegetable Intake is Inversely Associated with Severity of Inattention in a Pediatric Population with ADHD Symptoms: The MADDY Study. Nutr Neurosci, 2022. doi: 10.1080/1028415X.2022.2071805 

Johnstone JM, Hatsu I, Tost G, Srikanth P, Eiterman LP, Bruton AM, Ast HK, Robinette LM, Stern MM, Millington EG, Gracious BL, Hughes AJ, Leung BMY, Arnold LE. Micronutrients for Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Youths: A Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2021. doi: 10.1016/j.jaac.2021.07.005 

Johnstone JM, Leung B, Gracious B, Perez L, Tost G, Savoy A, Hatsu I, Hughes A, Bruton AM, Arnold LE. Rationale and design of an international randomized placebo-controlled trial of a 36-ingredient micronutrient supplement for children with ADHD and irritable mood: The Micronutrients for ADHD in Youth (MADDY) study. Contemp Clin Trials Commun. 2019. doi: 10.1016/j.conctc.2019.100478 

General Lab Publications

Bruton AM, Levy L, Rai NK, Colgan DD, and Johnstone JM. Diminished interoception in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: a systematic review. J Psychophysiol, 2024. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/psyp.14750. 

Machingo TA, Bruton AM, Ryan JJ, Johnstone JM. Neutrophil-Lymphocyte Ratio and Platelet-Lymphocyte Ratio in ADHD: A Systematic Scoping Review. Adv Neurodev Disord. Published online December 18, 2024. doi:10.1007/s41252-024-00433-x 

Rucklidge JJ, Bruton AM, Welsh A, Ast HK, Johnstone JM. Micronutrients and their role in the treatment of pediatric mental illness: a review.  J Child Psychol Psychiatry, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/jcpp.14091 

Bruton AM, Wesemann DG, Machingo TA, Majak G, Johnstone JM, & Marshall RD. Ketamine for Mood Disorders, Anxiety, and Suicidality in Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Eur Child Adolesc Psych, 2024. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-024-02458-y 

Nigg JT, Bruton AM, Kozlowski MB, Johnstone JM, Karalunas SL. Does white noise help with attention in ADHD? A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 2024. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaac.2023.12.014 

Sibley, MH, Bruton, AM, Zhao, X, Johnstone, JM, Mitchell, JT, Hatsu, I, Arnold, LE, Basu, HH, Levy, L, Vyas, P, Macphee, F, Schoenfelder Gonzalez, E, Kelley, M, Jusko, ML, Bolden, CR, Zulauf-McCurdy, C, Manzano, M, & Torres, G. Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents: Update of the Evidence. Lancet Child Adolesc Health, 2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(22)00381-9. 

Research from New Zealand Micronutrients Studies

Borlase, N., Melzer, T. R., Eggleston, M. J. F., Darling, K. A., & Rucklidge, J. J. (2019). Resting-state networks and neurometabolites in children with ADHD after 10 weeks of treatment with micronutrients: results of a randomised placebo-controlled trial. Nutritional Neuroscience, 1-11. doi:10.1080/1028415X.2019.1574329 

Rucklidge, J. J., Eggleston, M. J. F., Ealam, B., Beaglehole, B., & Mulder, R. T. (2019). An Observational Preliminary Study on the Safety of Long-Term Consumption of Micronutrients for the Treatment of Psychiatric Symptoms. Journal of Alternative and Complementary Medicine.

Stevens, A. J., Purcell, R. V., Darling, K. A., Eggleston, M. J. F., Kennedy, M. A., & Rucklidge, J. J. (2019). Human gut microbiome changes during a 10 week Randomised Control Trial for micronutrient supplementation in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Scientific Reports, 9(1), 10128. doi:10.1038/s41598-019-46146-3

Darling, K. A., Eggleston, M. J. F., Retallick-Brown, H., & Rucklidge, J. J. (2019). Mineral-vitamin treatment associated with remission in ADHD symptoms and related problems: One year naturalistic outcomes of a 10 week randomized placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Child and Adolescent Psychopharmacology.

Rucklidge, J., Eggleston, M., Johnstone, J. M., Darling, K., Stevens, A. J., Kennedy, M. A., & Frampton, C. M. (2019). Can we predict treatment response in children with ADHD to a vitamin-mineral supplement? An investigation into pre-treatment nutrient serum levels, MTHFR status, clinical correlates and demographic variables. Progress in Neuropsychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 89, 181-192.

Rucklidge JJ, Eggleston M, Johnstone JM, Darling K, Frampton CM. (2018). Vitamin-mineral treatment improves aggression and emotional control in children with ADHD: A fully-blinded, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 59(3), 232-246. doi: 10.1111/jcpp 12817