Spinal arthritis is common, occurring with structural changes to the spine joints. It may be caused by bone spurs (osteophytes). It’s different from sciatica, a degenerative condition that can cause pain in the arms or legs, and weakness.

Symptoms

• Pain in the center of the neck or back
• Pain that increases when you lean forward, walk or run

Causes

• Spinal arthritis usually develops over many years but can also be the result of a sudden injury, such as a fall or lifting something incorrectly.
• The most common type is osteoarthritis, caused by trauma or age-related deterioration of the cartilage lining of the joints.

Diagnosis and diagnostic tests

• An exam and review of your medical history
• Possible X-ray or MRI for more information
• Lab tests if your doctor suspects you have an autoimmune disease
• Medial branch block: The doctor uses an X-ray to inject a local anesthetic into the nerves around the affected joints. If this reduces your pain temporarily, it can guide the doctor to a specific treatment.

Treatments

• Physical therapy: Treatments and exercises can ease symptoms.
• Cognitive behavioral therapy
• Medication: Doctors can prescribe medications to reduce pain.
• Radiofrequency facet denervation: This outpatient procedure involves using a needle to end a spinal nerve’s ability to send pain signals.
• Surgery may be recommended in severe cases. The OHSU Spine Center favors trying the least-invasive options first, however.