OHSU Healthcare Topic Search: General Surgery

Search Results:

Lung Biopsy (tests & procedures)

A lung biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples are removed with a special needle to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.

Corrective Eye Surgery for Refractive Errors

Detailed information on the most common types of corrective eye surgery for refractive errors, including lasik surgery, photorefractive keratectomy surgery, radial keratotomy surgery, astigmatic keratotomy surgery, and automated lamellar keratoplasty surg

Bunion Surgery (tests & procedures)

The goal of surgery is to relieve pain and correct as much deformity as possible. The surgery is not cosmetic and is not meant to improve the appearance of the foot.

Lung Transplantation in Children

Detailed information on lung transplant, including why a lung transplant is recommended, what is involved in lung transplant surgery, and long-term outlook for a child after a lung transplant

Cervical Disk Replacement Surgery

Cervical disk replacement surgery involves removing a diseased cervical disk and replacing it with an artificial disk.

Oral Health / Dental Specialists

Detailed information on different oral healthcare specialists, including a doctor of dental surgery, doctor of dental medicine, pediatric dentist, endodontist, oral and maxillofacial surgeon, orthodontist, periodontist, and prosthodontist

Oral Health and Dental Specialists

A general dentist has had three or more years of undergraduate college education plus four years of dental school.

Robotic Hysterectomy

Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of a woman's uterus. When this surgery is done through small incisions using a thin, lighted scope with a camera on the end (a laparoscope), it is called a laparoscopic hysterectomy.

Appendectomy (tests & procedures)

A person's appendix is sugically removed if they develop appendicitis - an inflammation of the appendix caused by infection.

Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

Women develop carpal tunnel syndrome three times more frequently than men. It usually occurs only in adults.

Cervical Cancer

Cervical cancer develops from abnormal cells on the surface of the cervix that spread deeper or to other tissues or organs. This type of cancer occurs most often in women older than 40.

Cesarean Delivery (tests & procedures)

Cesarean delivery is the surgical delivery of a baby by an incision through the mother's abdomen and uterus. This procedure is performed when it is determined to be a safer method than a vaginal delivery for the mother, baby, or both.

Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery

Endoscopic endonasal surgery is a minimally invasive technique that allows a surgeon to go through the nose to correct problems or remove a tumor in various areas of the brain and the top of the spine.

General Information About Cancer: Overview

Detailed information on cancer, including cancer diagnosis, cancer staging, cancer grading, cancer treatment, cancer surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy, biological therapy, and cancer clinical trials

Laminectomy (tests & procedures)

Laminectomy is a type of surgery in which a physician removes part or all of the vertebral bone to relieve compression of the spinal cord or the nerve roots.

Laparoscopy (tests & procedures)

Laparoscopy is a procedure that utilizes a laparoscope, a thin flexible tube containing a video camera to examine the organs of the abdominal cavity.

Mediastinoscopy (tests & procedures)

A mediastinoscopy is a surgical procedure performed to examine the mediastinum - the space behind the sternum (breastbone) in the middle of the chest that separates the two lungs.

Obstructive Sleep Apnea

Detailed information on obstructive sleep apnea, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Types of Anesthesia

During surgery, your child will be given some form of anesthesia—medication given to relieve pain and sensation.

Types of Anesthesia and Your Anesthesiologist

During surgery, you will be given some form of anesthesia—medication administered for the relief of pain and sensation during surgery. The type and dosage of anesthesia is determined by the anesthesiologist.

Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a type of therapy that uses electrical stimulation to treat Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, multiple sclerosis, and certain other neurological conditions.

Breast Reconstruction

Breast reconstruction surgery involves creating a breast mound that comes as close as possible to the form and appearance of the natural breast.

Doctors and Specialists

Detailed information on the physicians and specialists that treat disorders of the spine, shoulder, and pelvis

Gastric Banding Surgery for Teens

Gastric banding is a form of bariatric surgery. It is used to treat people with severe obesity who have trouble losing weight through diet or exercise alone.

Glossary - Cancer Center

Glossary of terms relating to cancer

Lumbar Disk Disease (Herniated Disk)

Lumbar disk disease is caused by a change in the structure of a spinal disk. Most of the time, disk disease is a result of aging and the degeneration that occurs within the disk.

Myringotomy Tubes

Detailed information on myringotomy tubes, including risks and benefits

Robotic Cardiac Surgery

Robotic cardiac surgery is a form of heart surgery performed through tiny incisions in the chest. Thanks to the use of tiny instruments and robotic devices, surgeons are able to perform several types of heart surgery in a way that is much less invasive than other types of heart surgery.

Tubal Ligation

Tubal ligation is surgical procedure you may choose if you are an adult woman and you do not want to get pregnant in the future. You may have heard tubal ligation referred to as "getting your tubes tied."

Aneurysm: Coils and Stents

Bone Biopsy (tests & procedures)

A bone biopsy is a procedure in which bone samples are removed to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.

Liver Tumors

Detailed information on liver tumors, including types, symptoms, staging, diagnosis, and treatment

Online Resources - Cardiovascular Diseases

List of Internet sites with information about cardiovascular diseases

Online Resources - Diabetes

List of online resources to find additional information on diabetes

Online Resources - Men's Health

List of online resources to find additional information on men's health

Online Resources - Women's Health

List of online resources to find additional information on women's health

The Orthopedic Treatment Team

Members of your treatment team may include an orthopedic surgeon, a rheumatologist, and a physical therapist.

Tonsillectomy and Adenoidectomy

Symptoms of tonsillitis vary greatly depending on the cause of the infection, and can occur either suddenly or gradually.

Lumbar Disk Replacement

A lumbar disk replacement is a type of back surgery. It involves replacing a worn or degenerated disk in the lower part of your spine with an artificial replacement made of medical-grade metal or a combination of medical-grade metal and medical-grade plastic.

Breast Biopsy (tests & procedures)

A breast biopsy is a procedure in which samples of breast tissue are removed with a special biopsy needle or during surgery to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.

Glossary - Women's Center

Glossary of terms relating to women's health

Overview of Plastic Surgery

Plastic surgery is a surgical specialty involved with the reconstruction of facial and body tissue defects caused by illness, trauma, or birth disorders.

About Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Diseases

Arthritis, itself a group of more than 100 different diseases, is one category of rheumatic diseases.

Amputation Procedure (tests & procedures)

Amputation is the surgical removal of a leg or arm, or a part of one - such as a toe, finger, foot, or hand - usually as a result of injury, disease, or infection.

Arthroplasty (tests & procedures)

Arthroplasty is a surgical procedure that restores the function of a joint. A joint can be restored by resurfacing the bones, or by replacing it with an artificial joint.

Arthroscopy (tests & procedures)

Orthopedic surgeons use arthroscopy to diagnose and treat joint problems. An arthroscope is a small, tube shaped instrument that is used to look inside a joint.

Bone Densitometry (tests & procedures)

Bone densitometry is used primarily to diagnose osteoporosis and to determine fracture risk.

Cholecystectomy (tests & procedures)

A cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder and is performed if it develops gallstones, becomes inflamed or infected, or is cancerous.

Colostomy (tests & procedures)

A colostomy is an operation that creates an opening for the colon, or large intestine, through the abdomen. A colostomy may be temporary or permanent. It is usually performed after bowel surgery or injury.

Glossary - Surgical Care

Glossary of terms relating to surgery

Hip Replacement Surgery (tests & procedures)

Hip replacement surgery is a procedure in which a damaged hip joint is replaced with an artificial hip joint. It is most commonly recommended as a treatment for severe osteoarthritis or damage due to fracture.

Knee Ligament Repair (tests & procedures)

Knee ligament repair is used when a knee ligament is torn and results in instability in the knee.

Knee Replacement Surgery Procedure (tests & procedures)

Knee replacement surgery is a procedure in which the ends of the bones in the knee are capped with metal and plastic parts. It is most commonly used to treat severe osteoarthritis.

Pleural Biopsy (tests & procedures)

A pleural biopsy is a procedure in which a sample of the pleura (the membrane that surrounds the lungs) is removed with a special biopsy needle or during surgery to determine if disease, infection, or cancer is present.

Prostate Cancer

In the past 30 years, the five-year survival rate for all stages of prostate cancer combined has increased from 73 percent to nearly 100 percent.

Rotator Cuff Repair (tests & procedures)

If the rotator cuff is injured, it may need to be repaired surgically. This may include shaving off bone spurs that are pinching the shoulder, or repairing torn tendons or muscles.

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair (tests & procedures)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair is a procedure used to treat an aneurysm (abnormal enlargement) of the abdominal aorta, which may be performed surgically through an open incision or in a minimally-invasive procedure called endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).

After Surgery: Discomforts and Complications

Detailed information on postoperative discomforts and potential complications, including shock, hemorrhage, wound infection, deep vein thrombosis, pulmonary complications, urinary retention, and reaction to anesthesia

Baby's Care After a Cesarean Delivery

Because babies born by cesarean may have difficulty clearing some of the lung fluid and mucus, extra suctioning of the nose, mouth, and throat are often needed.

Congenital Liver Defects

Detailed information on congenital liver defects, including biliary atresia and choledochal cyst

Delayed Puberty

Detailed information on delayed puberty, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Dermoid Cyst

Detailed information on dermoid cyst, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Descripción General de la Cirugía Plástica

Epilepsy and Seizures

Epilepsy is one of the most common disorders of the nervous system and affects people of all ages, races, and ethnic backgrounds.

Glossary - Liver, Biliary, and Pancreatic Disorders

Glossary of terms relating to liver, biliary, and pancreatic disorders

Glossary - The Child Having Surgery

Glossary of terms relating to surgery in children

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Spine and Brain (tests & procedures)

MRI may be used to examine the brain and/or spinal cord for injuries or the presence of structural abnormalities or certain other conditions, including tumors or aneurysms.

Metabolic Syndrome

Most people who have metabolic syndrome have insulin resistance. This may be a beginning of the development of type 2 diabetes.

Neck Pain and Problems

Neck pain can result from many different causes—injury to muscles, tendons, or ligaments; arthritis; a herniated disc; or a tumor.

Online Resources - Heart Center

List of online resources to find additional information on heart disease

Pheochromocytoma

Detailed information on pheochromocytoma, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Recursos en la Red - Diabetes

Recursos en la Red - Enfermedades Cardiovasculares

Recursos en la Red - Salud de Mujeres

The Pathology Report

Detailed information on pathology and the pathology report

Trigeminal Neuralgia: Microvascular Decompression

Uterine Artery Embolization (tests & procedures)

This procedure, also be referred to as uterine fibroid embolization (UFE), is a minimally-invasive surgery that involves identifying which arteries supply blood to the fibroids and then blocking off those arteries.

Carotid Endarterectomy/Carotid Angioplasty with Stenting (tests & procedures)

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) may be performed to treat a blockage or narrowing of the carotid arteries, thus improving blood supply to the brain. Carotid artery angioplasty with stenting (CAS) is a procedure currently being used on selected patients who are at high risk for surgery.

Glossary - Prostate Health

Glossary of terms relating to prostate health

Craniotomy (tests & procedures)

Detailed information on craniotomy, including the reasons and preparation for the procedure, how the procedure is performed, after care, an anatomical illustration of the anatomy of the brain, and an illustration of an example of a craniotomy procedure

Femoral Popliteal Bypass Surgery (tests & procedures)

Femoral popliteal (also called femoropopliteal) bypass surgery is a surgical procedure that may be used to treat severe blockage due to plaque in the femoral artery. The femoral and popliteal arteries are located in the legs.

Glossary - Gynecological Health

Glossary of terms relating to gynecological health

Glossary - Men's Health

Glossary of terms relating to men's health

Glossary - Oncology

Glossary of terms relating to cancer in children

Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Insertion (tests & procedures)

During this procedure, an electronic device is inserted into the chest to help regulate electrical problems with the heart by providing either anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) or shock therapy to prevent sudden cardiac arrest.

Pacemaker Insertion (tests & procedures)

During a pacemaker insertio, a small electronic device is implanted in the chest (just below the collarbone) to help regulate electrical problems with the heart.

Seizures and Epilepsy in Children

A seizure occurs when parts of the brain receive a burst of abnormal electrical signals that temporarily interrupts normal electrical brain function.

Gastric Bypass (Malabsorptive) Surgery Procedure (tests & procedures)

Bariatric surgery is a procedure that alters the process of digestion and is currently the best treatment option for producing lasting weight loss in obese patients when traditional methods have not been effective.

Radical Prostatectomy (tests & procedures)

A prostatectomy is a surgical procedure for the partial or complete removal of the prostate. It may be performed to treat prostatic cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).

Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody (Blood)

This test measures the concentration of an antibody in your blood that may mean you have the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis.

Adrenal Tumors / Pheochromocytoma

Detailed information on adrenal gland tumors and pheochromocytoma, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Alcoholic Hepatitis

Detailed information on alcoholic hepatitis, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Alcohol-Induced Liver Disease

Detailed information on alcohol induced liver disease, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Autoimmune Hepatitis

Detailed information on autoimmune hepatitis, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Branchial Cleft Abnormalities

Detailed information on branchial cleft abnormality, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Chronic Liver Disease/Cirrhosis

Detailed information on cirrhosis, chronic liver disease, and fibrosis, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Diagnostic and Evaluation Procedures for Prostate Cancer

Your doctor may evaluate possible prostate problems with an annual physical and a digital rectal exam or a test for prostate-specific antigen.

Discomforts and Complications After Surgery

Common discomforts after surgery include nausea and vomiting, soreness in the throat, and restlessness or sleeplessness.

Especialistas en Odontología y Salud Oral

General Information About Breast Cancer

Ductal carcinoma, lobular carcinoma, and Paget's disease are several types of breast cancer.

Glossary - Women's Health

Glossary of terms relating to women's health

Knee Replacement Surgery

When a knee is severely damaged by disease or injury, an artificial knee replacement may be considered.

Liver, Biliary, and Pancreatic Diagnostic Procedures

Detailed information on the most common diagnostic procedures for liver, biliary, and pancreatic disorders

Lordosis

A spine affected by lordosis has a curve in the vertebrae in the lower back area, giving the child a "swayback" appearance.

Lymphatic Malformations

Detailed information on lymphatic malformation, including cause, symptom, diagnosis, and treatment

Neck Abscess

Detailed information on neck abscess, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Overview of Anemia

Anemia is a common blood disorder that occurs when there are fewer red blood cells than normal or there is a low concentration of hemoglobin in the blood.

Pap Test

A Pap test is a way for your doctor to examine cells collected from the cervix for infection, inflammation, or cancer.

Proctectomy

Side Effects Linger After Breast Cancer Treatment

In a study that followed breast cancer patients after treatment, more than 60 percent had at least one treatment-related complication up to six years after diagnosis. Thirty percent had at least two complications.

About Pediatric Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Diseases

Detailed information on pediatric arthritis and other rheumatic diseases, including causes, symptoms, and members of the treatment team

Appendicitis

Detailed information on appendicitis, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Biliary Cirrhosis/Bile Duct Cancer

Detailed information on biliary cirrhosis and bile duct cancer, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Cast Types and Maintenance Instructions

The outside of a cast can be made of plaster or fiberglass. Cotton and synthetic materials line the inside of the cast to make it soft and to provide padding around bony areas, such as the wrist or elbow.

Cellulitis of the Eye in Children

Detailed information on orbital cellulitis and pre-septal cellulitis, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Chiari Malformation

A Chiari malformation is a birth defect in the area of the back of the head where the brain and spinal cord connect.

Chronic Bronchitis

Chronic bronchitis is a long-term inflammation of the bronchi, which results in increased production of mucus.

Ear Pinning

Detailed information on ear pinning surgery, including who might be a candidate for the procedure and possible complications of the procedure

Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery

The pituitary gland is located at the bottom of your brain and above the inside of your nose. Endoscopic pituitary surgery is the most common surgery used to remove pituitary tumors.

Endoscopic Sinus Surgery

The purpose of endoscopic sinus surgery is to open the passages of the sinuses allowing for proper drainage to the nose.

Ewing Sarcoma

Detailed information on Ewing sarcoma, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Eye Care Specialists

An ophthalmologist is either a medical doctor (M.D.) or an osteopathic physician (D.O.). An optometrist is a doctor of optometry (O.D.) but is not a medical doctor. An optician is a technician who fits eyeglasses.

Fractures

A fracture is a partial or complete break in the bone. When a fracture occurs, it is classified as either open or closed.

Fractures in Children

Fractures occur when more force is applied to the bone than the bone can absorb. Bones are weakest when they are twisted.

Glossary - Transplantation

Glossary of terms relating to transplantation in children

Hand Surgery

Detailed information on hand surgery for different hand conditions

Immunohistochemical Test for Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors

This test looks for several types of receptors on cells in a sample of breast cancer tissue. It helps your doctor figure out which type of breast cancer you have.

Iron-Deficiency Anemia

Detailed information on aplastic anemia, including cause, symptom, diagnosis, and treatment

Knee Pain and Problems

Common knee problems include sprains, strains, torn cartilage, and arthritis.

Kyphosis

Kyphosis is a forward curvature of the spine. It is a type of spinal deformity and should not be confused with poor posture.

Kyphosis in Children

Detailed information on kyphosis, including cause, symptom, diagnosis, and treatment

Low Back Pain

Low back pain can range from mild, dull, and annoying to persistent, severe, and disabling pain. Pain in the lower back can restrict mobility and interfere with normal functioning.

Médicos y Especialistas

Mastoiditis

Detailed information on mastoiditis, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Myoglobin (Blood)

This test measures the amount of a protein called myoglobin in your blood. It’s done to help diagnose conditions caused by muscle damage, including heart attack.

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma

Detailed information on non-Hodgkins lymphoma, including symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment

Osteosarcoma

Detailed information on osteosarcoma, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Outpatient Surgery

Detailed information on outpatient surgery

Overactive Adrenal Glands/Cushing's Syndrome in Children

Detailed information on Cushing's syndrome and overactive adrenal glands, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Pain Management and Children

When a child has cancer, one of his or her greatest fears is pain. Every effort should be made to ease the pain during the treatment process.

Pancreatitis

Detailed information on pancreatitis, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Postpartum Hemorrhage

Postpartum hemorrhage is excessive bleeding after the birth of a baby. Most postpartum hemorrhage occurs right after delivery, but it can occur later as well.

Scoliosis

A spine affected by scoliosis shows a sideways curvature and a rotation of the vertebrae, giving the appearance that the person is leaning to one side.

Sinusitis

Detailed information on sinusitis, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Sinusitis in Children

Detailed information on sinusitis, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Sprains and Strains in Children

Strains, sprains, and bruises make up the majority of sports injuries. Treatment for a strain or sprain depends on the child's age and the extent of the injury.

The Pediatrics Orthopedic Team

Detailed information on each member of the pediatric orthopedic treatment team

Topic Index - Gynecological Health

Detailed information on gynecological health, including anatomy of the female pelvis, gynecological statistics, menstrual conditions, menopause, gynecological inflammations, gynecological infections, hysterectomy, and gynecological cancers

Tracheoesophageal Fistula and Esophageal Atresia

Detailed information on tracheoesophageal fistula and esophageal atresia, including symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm

Detailed information on abdominal aortic aneurysms, including description of abdominal aortic aneurysm, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and full-color anatomical and procedure illustrations

Acute Spinal Cord Injury

Many types of trauma can cause an acute spinal cord injury. The more common types occur when the area of the spine or neck is bent or compressed.

Acute Spinal Cord Injury in Children

Many types of trauma can cause an acute spinal cord injury. The more common types occur when the area of the spine or neck is bent or compressed.

Appendicitis in Children

Detailed information on appendicitis, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Brain Abscess

A brain abscess is a rare infection in the brain caused by viruses or bacteria. Symptoms include fever, severe headache, and nausea or vomiting.

Cardiac Sarcoma

Cardiac sarcoma is a rare type of cancerous tumor that occurs in the heart.

Care of the Baby in the Delivery Room

A newborn baby is wet from the amniotic fluid and can easily become cold. Drying the baby and using warm blankets and heat lamps can help prevent heat loss. Often a knitted hat is placed on the baby's head.

Carpal Tunnel Release

Carpal tunnel release is a surgery that’s used to treat and potentially heal the painful condition known as carpal tunnel syndrome.

Deformidades Congénitas de la Mano

Diagnostic Procedures for Breast Cancer

It is important to remember that a lump or other changes in the breast, or an abnormal area on a mammogram, may be caused by cancer or by other, less serious problems.

Dilation and Curettage (D and C) (tests & procedures)

A dilation and curettage procedure, also called a D and C, is a surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated so that the cervical canal and uterine lining can be scraped with a spoon-shaped instrument to remove abnormal tissues.

Encephalitis

Encephalitis is a term used to describe inflammation of the brain. The inflammation causes the brain to swell, which leads to changes in a person's neurologic condition, including mental confusion and seizures.

Equipo Ortopédico Pediátrico

Glossary - Arthritis and Other Rheumatic Diseases

Online medical glossary of terms relating to arthritis and other rheumatic diseases written for patients and consumers

Glossary - Bone Disorders

Glossary of terms relating to bone disorders written for patients and consumers

Glossary - Orthopedics

Glossary of terms relating to orthopedics

Glossary - Pathology

Glossary of terms relating to pathology and laboratory science

Glossary - Radiology

Glossary of terms relating to radiology

Headache

Headaches vary greatly in terms of pain location, pain intensity, and how frequently they occur.

Headaches in Children

Many headaches in children may be caused by tight muscles and dilated blood vessels in the head. Other headaches may be caused by an actual problem, such as a tumor or malformation of the brain, although this is much less common.

Hemifacial Microsomia

Detailed information on hemifacial microsomia, including types, causes, diagnosis, and treatment

Hernia (Umbilical/Inguinal)

A hernia occurs when a section of intestine protrudes through a weakness in the abdominal muscles. In babies, this usually occurs around the navel or in the groin area.

Hydrocephalus

Hydrocephalus is a condition in which a buildup of fluid in the brain causes the pressure inside of the head to increase and the skull bones to expand to a larger-than-normal appearance.

Inguinal and Umbilical Hernia

Detailed information on hernia, including risks, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)

Detailed information on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), including information on how the procedure is performed

Meningitis

Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that surround the brain. Most cases of meningitis are caused by viruses; bacterial meningitis is rare.

Myasthenia Gravis

Myasthenia gravis (MG) is an autoimmune disorder that causes weakness of the skeletal muscles. MG affects the voluntary muscles of the body, especially the eyes, mouth, throat, and limbs.

Overview of Birth Defects

A "birth defect" is a health problem or physical change that is present in a baby at the time he/she is born.

Overview of Obesity

Obesity is a serious, chronic disease that can inflict substantial harm to a person’s health. Learn about obesity causes and obesity health effects.

Overview of the Vascular System

Detailed information on vascular conditions, including a description of the vascular system, causes and effects of vascular disease, and a full-color anatomical illustration

Oximetry (tests & procedures)

Oximetry is a procedure used to measure the oxygen level—or oxygen saturation—in the blood.

Pituitary Tumors

Detailed information on pituitary gland tumors, including symptoms, causes, types, diagnosis, and treatment

Positron Emission Tomography (PET)

PET is a type of nuclear medicine procedure that measures metabolic activity of the cells of body tissues. Used mostly in patients with brain or heart conditions and cancer, PET helps to visualize the biochemical changes taking place in the body.

Scoliosis in Children

Detailed information on scoliosis, including types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Shoulder Pain and Problems

Detailed information on shoulder pain and the most common types of shoulder problems

Venogram (tests & procedures)

A combination of contrast dye and X-rays are used to visualize the veins in the legs in order to diagnose deep vein thrombosis and other conditions.

Visión General de la Ortopedia / Equipo Ortopédico

22q11.2 Deletion Syndrome

22q11.2 deletion syndrome is a genetic disorder marked by hypoparathyroidism, certain heart defects, and a cleft lip or palate.

A Child Living with a Pacemaker or Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)

Detailed information on living with a pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator

Acerca de la Artritis y Otras Enfermedades Reumáticas

Acerca de la Artritis y Otras Enfermedades Reumáticas Pediátricas

Anorectal Malformation

An anorectal malformation is a birth defect in which the anus and rectum do not develop properly.

Arthrography (tests & procedures)

Arthrography is a type of X-ray used to examine a joint, such as the knee or hip, when standard X-rays are not adequate.

Bladder Cancer

Detailed information on bladder cancer, including symptoms, types, causes, risk factors, prevention, diagnosis, and treatment

Coarctation of the Aorta

Coarctation of the aorta refers to a narrowing of the aorta that restricts the amount of oxygen-rich blood that can travel to the lower part of the body.

Craniosynostosis

Craniosynostosis is a condition in which the fibrous joints between the skull’s bony plates close too early, causing problems with normal brain and skull growth.

Cryotherapy for Prostate Conditions (tests & procedures)

Cystography (tests & procedures)

A cystography is a procedure that uses a combination of contrast dyes and X-rays to find the source of problems in, or assess injuries to the bladder.

Dermabrasion/Dermaplaning

Dermabrasion involves a surgeon using a high speed rotating brush to remove the top layer of skin. This is done to remove fine wrinkles or minimize scars.

Diagnosing Hand Conditions

In some cases, a diagnosis can be made simply based on a physical examination. In other cases, though, tests may be needed to help confirm the diagnosis.

Diagnostic Procedures for Bone Disorders

Detailed information on diagnostic procedures for bone disorders, including bone densitometry, radionuclide bone scan, and biopsy

Down Syndrome (Trisomy 21)

Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that includes a combination of birth defects, including some degree of mental retardation, characteristic facial features and, often, heart defects.

Endometrial Ablation (tests & procedures)

Endometrial ablation is a procedure to permanently remove a thin tissue layer of the lining of the uterus to stop or reduce excessive or abnormal bleeding in women for whom childbearing is complete.

Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (tests & procedures)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a procedure in which x-ray and an endoscope - a long, flexible, lighted tube - are used to assess and treat problems in the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas.

Eyelid Lift

This procedure can remove puffiness or bags under the eyes, and can also correct droopy eyelids.

Facelift

During a facelift procedure, excess facial fat is removed, facial muscles are tightened, and the skin is stretched to make a smoother appearance.

Fractures of the Orbit

The orbit is the bony structure around the eye. A blow to the face can break one or more of these bones and can result in severe eye injury and damage.

Gastric Bypass (Malabsorptive) Surgery

Gastric bypass surgery involves bypassing a part of the small intestine that absorbs nutrients. For this reason, these surgeries are referred to as malabsorptive procedures.

Gastric Stapling (Restrictive) Surgery

Gastric stapling surgery is a type of weight loss surgery that limits the amount of food a person can eat.

Gastric Stapling (Restrictive) Surgery Procedure (tests & procedures)

Gastric stapling (restrictive) surgery is a type of bariatric surgery (weight loss surgery) procedure in which surgical staples are used to divide the stomach into two smaller sections, strictly limiting the amount of food a person can eat.

Glossary - Breast Health

Glossary of terms relating to breast health written for patients and consumers

Glossary - Genitourinary and Kidney Disorders

Glossary of terms relating to genitourinary and kidney disorders in children

Glossary - Nontraumatic Emergencies

Glossary of terms relating to non-traumatic emergencies

Glossary - Orthopedic Surgery

Glossary of terms relating to orthopedics

Glossary - Plastic Surgery

Glossary of terms relating to plastic surgery

Glossary - Spine, Shoulder, and Pelvis Disorders

Glossary of terms relating to disorders of the spine, shoulder, and pelvis

Gout

Gout is marked by inflamed, painful joints because of the formation of crystal deposits in them.

Head Injury in Children

The more common causes of head injury in children are falls, motor vehicle accidents—in which the child is either a passenger or a pedestrian—or a result of child abuse.

Heart Failure

Heart failure, also called congestive heart failure, is a condition in which the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the needs of the body's other organs.

Hysteroscopy (tests & procedures)

Hysteroscopy is the visual examination of the canal of the cervix and interior of the uterus using a thin, lighted, flexible tube called a hysteroscope.

Liposuction

Liposuction removes excess body fat through a suctioning process. It is not a substitute for weight loss, but it does change the body's shape and contour.

Liver Biopsy (tests & procedures)

A liver biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples from the liver are removed for examination under a microscope to look for signs of damage or disease. It is used to diagnose many liver conditions.

Living with a Pacemaker or Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD)

With advances in technology, pacemakers and ICDs generally last several years and, in most cases, allow a person to lead a normal life.

Lung Cancer

Detailed information on lung cancer, lung cancer symptom, lung cancer treatment, lung cancer sign, lung cancer medication, malignant lung tumor, lung cancer cause, benign lung tumor, lung cancer risk factor, lung cancer prevention

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissues (tests & procedures)

Magnetic resonance imaging uses a combination of a large magnet, radiofrequencies, and a computer to produce detailed images of structures within the body.

Neurocutaneous Syndromes

Neurocutaneous syndrome is a broad term for a group of disorders. These diseases are life-long conditions that can cause tumors to grow inside the brain, spinal cord, organs, skin, and skeletal bones.

Neurocutaneous Syndromes in Children

Nose Reshaping

This procedure can reduce or increase the size of the nose, narrow the span of the nostrils, change the angle between the nose and upper lip, and/or change the tip or bridge of the nose.

Osteochondroma

Osteochondroma is an overgrowth of cartilage and bone near the end of the bone near the growth plate.

Overview of Nervous System Disorders

Disorders of the nervous system include stroke, infections such as meningitis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and functional disorders such as headache and epilepsy.

Parkinson's Disease (PD)

Parkinson's disease is the most common form of parkinsonism, a group of motor system disorders. PD is slowly progressing and degenerative.

Questions to Ask Before Surgery

It's important to communicate your feelings, questions, and concerns with your doctor before having surgery. Take notes, or ask a family member or friend to accompany you and take notes for you. You can also bring a tape recorder, so you can review information later.

Recursos en la Red - Salud de Hombres

Retrograde Cystography (tests & procedures)

Retrograde cystography is a procedure in which contrast dye is combined with X-rays to examine a bladder after abdominal trauma, or to find other bladder conditions such as tumors, blood clots, or diverticula.

Stroke

Stroke occurs when blood flow to the brain is disrupted. A blood clot can block one of the vital blood vessels in the brain or a blood vessel in the brain can burst, spilling blood into surrounding tissues.

Surgery For Cancer Treatment

One type of surgery for cancer is curative. This procedure removes the cancerous tumor or growth from the body. Surgeons use curative surgery when the cancerous tumor is in one specific area of the body. This type of treatment is often considered the primary treatment, but other types of cancer treatments, such as radiation, may be used before or after the surgery.

Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm

Detailed information on thoracic aortic aneurysms, including description of a thoracic aortic aneurysm, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, treatment, and full-color anatomical illustrations

Tummy Tuck

In a tummy tuck procedure, excess fat and skin are surgically removed from the middle and lower abdomen, and the muscles of the abdomen wall are tightened.

Wisdom Teeth Extraction

Because most mouths are too small for the four additional molars called wisdom teeth, these teeth usually must be extracted.

Atrial Septal Defect (ASD)

An atrial septal defect is an opening in the dividing wall between the two upper chambers of the heart known as the right and left atria.

Cardiac Catheterization

Detailed information on a cardiac catheterization procedure, including how the procedure is performed, reasons for the procedure, and pre- and post-evaluation instructions

Endovascular Coiling (tests & procedures)

During endovascular coiling, a catheter is used to insert a small coil into an artery in the brain. The coil constricts the artery, blocking blood flow to an aneurysm.

Gamma Knife (tests & procedures)

Gamma Knife radiosurgery uses beams of highly focused gamma rays to treat small- to medium-sized lesions, usually in the brain.

Glossary - Craniofacial Anomalies

Glossary of terms relating to craniofacial anomalies in children

Glossary - Heart Center

Glossary of terms relating to cardiovascular disease and heart healthy living

Glossary - Hematology and Blood Disorders

Online medical glossary of terms relating to hematology and blood disorders written for patients and consumers

Glossary - Otolaryngology

Glossary of terms relating to ear, nose, and throat disorders for patients and consumers

Glossary - Urology

Glossary of terms relating to urology

Head Injury

A head injury can be as mild as a bump, bruise, or cut on the head, or can be moderate to severe because of a concussion, deep cut, fractured skull bone(s), or internal bleeding.

Heart Transplantation Procedure (tests & procedures)

A heart transplant is a surgical procedure performed to remove the diseased heart from a patient and replace it with a healthy one from an organ donor.

Heart Valve Repair or Replacement Surgery (tests & procedures)

Heart valve repair or replacement surgery is a treatment option when the heart valves become damaged or diseased and do not function properly.

Liver Transplantation in Children

Detailed information on liver transplantation in children

Lobectomy (tests & procedures)

A lobectomy is a surgical procedure that removes one of the lobes of the lungs.

Patent Ductus Arteriosus (PDA)

PDA is a heart problem in which the connection between the aorta and pulmonary artery remains open after birth, instead of closing as it should.

Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan) (tests & procedures)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a specialized radiology procedure used to examine various body tissues to identify certain conditions. PET may also be used to follow the progress of the treatment of certain conditions.

Pulmonary Angiogram (tests & procedures)

A pulmonary angiogram is aa procedure that uses a combination of contrast dye and X-rays to examine the blood vessels in the lungs and evaluate blood flow to the lungs.

Renal Venogram (tests & procedures)

A renal venogram is a procedure in which contrast dye is combined with X-rays to examine the veins that carry blow away from the kidneys. It is often nused in conjunction with fluoroscopy.

Tetralogy of Fallot

Tetralogy of Fallot is a complex condition of several congenital heart defects.

Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return

In this condition, the four pulmonary veins are connected somewhere besides the left atrium.

Transposition of the Great Arteries (TGA)

Because of abnormal development of the fetal heart, the large vessels that take blood away from the heart to the lungs, or to the body, are improperly connected.

Tricuspid Atresia (TA)

In tricuspid atresia, the tricuspid valve, normally located between the right atrium and the right ventricle, does not develop properly.

Truncus Arteriosus

Truncus arteriosus occurs when the aorta and the pulmonary artery fail to separate completely during fetal development.

Valvuloplasty (tests & procedures)

During a valvuloplasty, a catheter is threaded through a vein to the heart where a balloon is used to open a stiff valve. Once opened, the balloon and catheter are removed.

Atrioventricular Canal (AV Canal or AVC)

AV canal is a complex heart problem that involves several abnormalities of structures inside the heart.

Breast Augmentation

Breast augmentation is a procedure to reshape the breast in order to make it larger. The procedure can also be performed to reconstruct the breast after breast surgery.

Breast Reduction in Men With Gynecomastia

Detailed information on gynecomastia, including causes, facts, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) uses pulses of electricity to help the ventricles, or the two lower chambers of the heart, beat as they should.

Colectomy

Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG) (tests & procedures)

Coronary artery bypass surgery is performed to treat a blockage or narrowing of one or more of the coronary arteries, thus restoring the blood supply to the heart muscle.

Creatine Kinase (Blood)

This test measures the amount of a protein called creatine kinase (CK) in your blood. Levels of CK can rise after a heart attack or skeletal muscle injury.

Diagnosing Cancer

Many tests are necessary to determine whether a child has cancer, or if another condition is mimicking the symptoms of cancer.

Enchondroma

Enchondromas are the most common type of hand tumor. Although they may affect people of any age, they are most common between ages 10 and 20.

Fibrous Dysplasia

Fibrous dysplasia is a chronic disorder in which bone expands because of abnormal development of fibrous tissue.

Forehead Lift

A forehead lift can correct sagging brows or deep furrows between the eyes. It is often done in conjunction with a facelift, in order to create a smoother facial appearance overall.

Frostbite in Children

Detailed information on frostbite, including symptoms and what to do if frostbite occurs

Glossary - Cardiovascular Diseases

Glossary of terms relating to cardiovascular disease and heart healthy living

Hair Replacement Surgery

Detailed information on hair loss and hair replacement surgery

Lung Transplantation Procedure (tests & procedures)

In a lung transplant, one or both diseased lungs are removed and replaced with a healthy lung from another person.

Malocclusion

Detailed information on malocclusion, including causes, diagnosis, and treatment

Menorrhagia

Menorrhagia is the most common type of abnormal uterine bleeding. In some cases, bleeding may be so severe that it interrupts daily activities.

Nasal Surgery

Nasal surgery includes any surgery performed on the outside or inside of the nose. It is a common type of reconstructive and cosmetic surgery.

Orthodontics/Braces for Children

Orthodontics is the dental specialty that focuses on the development, prevention, and correction of irregularities of the teeth, bite, and jaws.

Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) and Stent Placement (tests & procedures)

During percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), a special catheter (long hollow tube) is inserted into coronary arteries that are blocked as a result of coronary artery disease (CAD), restoring arterial blood flow to the heart tissue without open-heart surgery.

Peyronie's Disease

Peyronie's disease is characterized by a plaque, or hard lump, that forms on the erection tissue of the penis.

Vein Removal

More than one in five women has some form of varicose condition. Varicose and spider veins can be treated in several ways, including injections, surgery, and laser.

Avascular Necrosis

Detailed information on avascular necrosis, including causes, risk factors, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Chondrosarcoma

Chondrosarcoma is a malignant type of bone cancer that primarily affects the cartilage cells of the femur, arm, pelvis, knee, and spine.

Glossary - Cardiovascular Disorders

Glossary of terms relating to cardiovascular disorders in children

Glossary - Digestive and Liver Disorders

Glossary of terms relating to digestive disorders for patients and consumers

Hair Loss

Hair loss is believed to be primarily caused by a combination of factors, including aging, changing hormones, illness, and family history.

Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is one of the least invasive operations available for obesity. It is also one of the more effective.

Laser Surgery for Lesions and Skin Conditions

Detailed information on laser surgery for skin conditions

Osteomyelitis

Osteomyelitis is an inflammation or swelling of bone tissue that is usually the result of an infection.

Osteosarcoma in Children

Detailed information on osteosarcoma, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Overview of Leukemias

Detailed overview of leukemia, including types, causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Types of Skin Conditions

Detailed information on the most common types of skin conditions, including laser surgery for skin conditions

Vaginal Cancer

Cancer of the vagina is rare. Certain factors thought to raise the risk for this type of cancer include advancing age, history of cervical cancer, and infection with the human papillomavirus.

Wisdom Teeth Extraction in Children

Detailed information on a wisdom teeth extraction procedure

Acupuncture

Acupuncture is the practice of puncturing the skin with needles at certain anatomical points in the body to relieve specific symptoms associated with many diseases.

Cancer Diagnostic Imaging

Imaging—X-rays, CT scans, MRIs—is a process that produces pictures of body structures and organs. It is used to detect tumors and other abnormalities, to determine the extent of disease, and to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment.

Endometriosis

Women with endometriosis develop tissue that looks and acts like endometrial tissue outside the uterus, usually on other reproductive organs inside the pelvis or in the abdominal cavity.

Esophageal Cancer

Detailed information on esophageal cancer, including symptoms, stages, types, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment

Ewing Sarcoma in Adults

Ewing sarcoma can occur in any bone, but is most often found in the extremities and can involve muscle and the soft tissues around the tumor site.

Familial Adenomatous Polyposis (FAP)

FAP is a syndrome characterized by a large number of benign polyps in the colon and rectum. Without treatment, a person with FAP has a nearly 100 percent risk of colorectal cancer.

Glossary - Digestive Disorders

Glossary of terms relating to digestive disorders for patients and consumers

Hepatoblastoma

Detailed information on hepatoblastoma, including causes, stages, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Male Factor Infertility

Problems with the production and maturation of sperm are the most common causes of male infertility.

Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian cancer can develop in one of three types—the first, on the surface of the ovary; the second, in the cells that form the eggs; the third, in the cells that produce female hormones.

Pancreatic Cancer

Detailed information on pancreatic cancer, including types of benign tumors in the pancreas, malignant pancreatic cancers, symptoms, causes, diagnosis, and treatment

Pressure Ulcers

Pressure ulcers, also called bedsores or pressure sores, can develop when you are confined to a bed or chair.

Prostatitis

Prostatitis is the most common prostate problem in men younger than 50. Some estimates state that at least half of all men, at some point in their lives, will develop symptoms of prostatitis.

Rhabdomyosarcoma

Detailed information on rhabdomyosarcoma, including causes, stages, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Stomach Cancer

Detailed information on stomach cancer, including symptoms, causes, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment

Testicular Cancer

Testicular cancer is one of the most curable forms of cancer, but the symptoms may resemble other conditions or medical problems.

Wilms Tumor

Detailed information on Wilms tumor, including causes, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Breast-Conserving Surgery (tests & procedures)

A lumpectomy is a type of breast-conserving surgery in which a cancerous lump and a portion of the breast tissue around the cancerous lump are removed, leaving the breast intact.

Cancer and Pain Management

Oncology clinics usually offer several pain management options for any procedure that may be painful, such as a bone marrow aspiration or lumbar puncture.

Carotid Artery Disease

Carotid artery disease occurs when the carotid arteries, the main blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the brain, become narrowed.

End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

Detailed information on end-stage renal disease, including renal failure symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (tests & procedures)

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure used to diagnose structural or functional abnormalities of the esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum.

Exercise Echocardiogram (tests & procedures)

An exercise echocardiogram is a procedure in which ultrasound, or sound wave technology, is used to asses the heart's response to stress or exercise.

Germ Cell Tumors

Detailed information on germ cell tumors, including causes, types, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Impotence/Erectile Dysfunction

For most men, erectile dysfunction is caused by physical problems, usually related to the blood supply of the penis. Many advances have occurred in both diagnosis and treatment of erectile dysfunction.

Kidney Biopsy (tests & procedures)

A kidney biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples are removed with a special needle to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present, or to determine how well the kidney is working.

Neuroblastoma

Neuroblastoma is a cancerous tumor that begins in nerve tissue of infants and very young children. The abnormal cells are often found in the nerve tissue that is present in the unborn baby and later develops into a detectable tumor.

Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma in Children

Detailed information on non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, including causes, staging, symptoms, diagnosis, and treatment

Prostate Biopsy (tests & procedures)

A prostate biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples are removed with a special needle to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.

Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Weight-Loss Surgery

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a type of weight-loss surgery that reduces the size of your stomach to a small pouch – about the size of an egg. It does this by stapling off a section of it.

Brain Tumors in Children

Brain tumors are the most common solid tumors in children. Brain tumors that occur in infants and children are very different from adult brain tumors, both in terms of the type of cells and the responsiveness to treatment.

Heart Transplantation in Children

Detailed information on heart transplant, including why a heart transplant is recommended, what is involved in heart transplant surgery, and long-term outlook for a child after a heart transplant

Hysterectomy (tests & procedures)

Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. Different portions of the uterus, as well as other organs, may be removed at the same time.

Kidney Transplantation in Children

Detailed information on kidney transplant, including why a kidney transplant is recommended, what is involved in kidney transplant surgery, and long-term outlook for a child after a kidney transplant

Kidney Transplantation Procedure (tests & procedures)

A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure performed to replace a diseased kidney with a healthy kidney from another person.

Leukemia

Detailed information on leukemia in childhood, including symptoms, staging, diagnosis, and treatment

Lithotripsy (tests & procedures)

Lithotripsy treats certain kidney stones with ultrasonic energy, or shock waves, once they are located with fluoroscopy or ultrasound.

Mastectomy (tests & procedures)

A mastectomy is a surgical procedure in which all or a portion of a breast is removed as a part of a treatment plan for breast cancer.

Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) (tests & procedures)

A transurethral resection of the prostate is a surgical procedure that uses a tiny instrument to remove portions of the prostate gland through the penis, requiring no external incision.

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