OHSU

OHSU Health Information Library Topics

Tests and Procedures



24-Hour Urine Collection  (tests & procedures)

Twenty-four hour urine collection is performed by collecting a person's urine in a special container over a 24-hour period. The results of a 24- hour urine collection may provide information to help your physician make or confirm a diagnosis.


24-Hour Urine Protein

This test measures the amount of protein in your urine. When protein shows up in your urine, you may have kidney disease, diabetes, or another condition.


5-Hydroxindoleacetic Acid (Urine)

This test measures the amount of 5-hydroindoleacetic acid in your urine. The test can help find out if you have a carcinoid tumor.


A1C

A1C is a blood test used to screen people to find out whether they have diabetes or prediabetes.


Abdominal Angiogram  (tests & procedures)

An abdominal angiogram, also called an abdominal arteriogram, is an x-ray image of the blood vessels used to evaluate various vascular conditions within the abdomen.


Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair  (tests & procedures)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) repair is a procedure used to treat an aneurysm (abnormal enlargement) of the abdominal aorta, which may be performed surgically through an open incision or in a minimally-invasive procedure called endovascular aneurysm repair (EVAR).


Abdominal Ultrasound  (tests & procedures)

Abdominal ultrasound is a procedure that uses sound wave technology to assess the organs, structures, and blood flow inside the abdomen.


Abdominal X-rays  (tests & procedures)

Abdominal X-rays are used to diagnose internal injuries or abnormalities of the bones and organs.


Acetaminophen Drug Level

The acetaminophen drug level is a blood test used to screen for the presence of the common pain reliever acetaminophen.


Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody (Blood)

This test measures the concentration of an antibody in your blood that may mean you have the autoimmune disease myasthenia gravis.


Acid-Fast Bacteria Culture

This test is done to find out if you have tuberculosis. Your doctor might order this test if you have a lung infection or symptoms of TB.


Acid-Fast Bacteria Smear

This test looks for a type of bacteria called acid-fast bacillus in your sputum. Tuberculosis is the most common infection from this type of bacteria.


Activated Partial Thromboplastin Clotting Time

This test clocks the amount of time it takes for your blood to form a clot. You may need this test if your doctor suspects that you have a bleeding disorder.


Adult Lead (Blood)

This test measures the levels of lead in your blood. You may be exposed to lead on your job or through lead-based paint used in your home.


Albumin (Blood)

This test measures the amount of the protein albumin in your blood. The test can help diagnose liver and kidney problems.


Albumin (Urine)

This test looks for a protein called albumin in your urine. The test is used to check for kidney damage or disease.


Alpha-1 Antitrypsin

This test checks to see if a liver disorder or lung disease is caused by a genetic disorder call alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency.


Alpha-Fetoprotein (Amniotic Fluid)

This test checks a sample of amniotic fluid to confirm a suspected birth defect called an open neural tube defect in your fetus. Spina bifida is an example of a neural tube defect.


Alpha-Fetoprotein (Blood)

If you are pregnant, this test looks for a fetal substance called alpha-fetoprotein in your blood. Higher levels of AFP may mean your fetus has a birth defect.


Alpha-Fetoprotein Tumor Marker (Blood)

This test looks for a protein in your blood that may mean that you have liver cancer or one of several other cancers.


ALT

This test measures the amount of a certain enzyme in your blood. High levels are a sign of liver damage.


Ammonia

This test checks the amount of ammonia in your blood. Ammonia may build up in your body if you have kidney or liver failure.


Amniocentesis Procedure  (tests & procedures)

Amniocentesis is a procedure used to obtain a small sample of the amniotic fluid that surrounds the fetus during pregnancy. The fluid is analyzed to help diagnose certain birth defects.


Amphetamine Screen (Blood)

This test measures the amount of a drug called amphetamine in your blood. The test is most commonly used to screen for drug abuse.


Amphetamine Screen (Urine)

This test detects the presence of amphetamine in your urine. This drug can show up in your urine long after you've taken it.


Amputation Procedure  (tests & procedures)

Amputation is the surgical removal of a leg or arm, or a part of one - such as a toe, finger, foot, or hand - usually as a result of injury, disease, or infection.


Amylase (Blood)

This test measures the level of the enzyme amylase in your blood. Amylase levels in your blood rise when your pancreas or your salivary glands are inflamed.


Amylase (Urine)

This test is used to find out whether you have pancreatitis or another pancreas-related disorder.


Anaerobic Culture

This test looks for certain bacteria in a wound or an infection in a fluid sample. These bacteria are called anaerobic because they don’t need oxygen to grow.


Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (Blood)

This test measures the level of a certain enzyme in your blood. It can help diagnose a condition called sarcoidosis.


Anion Gap (Blood)

This test looks at electrically charged particles in your blood to help your doctor diagnose acid-base imbalances.


Antegrade Pyelogram  (tests & procedures)

An antegrade pyelogram is a procedure that uses a combination of contrast dye and X-rays to diagnose obstructions and other problems in the upper urinary tract.


Antidiuretic Hormone

This test measures the amount of antidiuretic hormone (ADH) in your blood. ADH regulates your body's balance of water.


Antimitochondrial Antibody and Antimitochondrial M2 Antibody

This test looks for certain substances in your blood that may mean you have a form of liver disease.


Antimyocardial Antibody

This test checks the level of a certain antibody in your blood that can indicate heart damage. The antibodies show up before symptoms appear.


Antinuclear Antibody

This blood test is done to help your doctor diagnose a type of illness called an autoimmune disease.


Antiphospholipid Antibody

This test checks for antibodies that may can help diagnose a condition with abnormal blood clots or an autoimmune disease.


Antithrombin (Activity and Antigen)

The antithrombin activity and antigen tests are used to help find out what may be causing abnormal blood clots in your body.


Antitissue Transglutaminase Antibody

This test screens for celiac disease and also helps your doctor monitor your condition if you have this disease.


Apolipoprotein A

This test measures the amount of a protein in your blood related to LDL and HDL cholesterol. It can help predict your risk for heart disease.


Apolipoprotein B100

This test measures the amount of a certain type of cholesterol in your blood. The test helps your doctor figure out your risk for cardiovascular disease, a disease affecting your heart and blood vessels.


Appendectomy  (tests & procedures)

A person's appendix is sugically removed if they develop appendicitis - an inflammation of the appendix caused by infection.


Arterial Blood Gas (ABG)

An arterial blood gas analysis measures the balance of oxygen and carbon dioxide in your blood to see how well your lungs are working.


Arthrography  (tests & procedures)

Arthrography is a type of X-ray used to examine a joint, such as the knee or hip, when standard X-rays are not adequate.


Arthroplasty  (tests & procedures)

Arthroplasty is a surgical procedure that restores the function of a joint. A joint can be restored by resurfacing the bones, or by replacing it with an artificial joint.


Arthroscopy  (tests & procedures)

Orthopedic surgeons use arthroscopy to diagnose and treat joint problems. An arthroscope is a small, tube shaped instrument that is used to look inside a joint.


Aspartate Transaminase

This test is used to diagnose liver damage. AST is an enzyme that is found in your blood when your liver or muscles are damaged.


Barium Enema  (tests & procedures)

A barium enema is used to highlight damage or abnormalities in the colon and rectum by creating greater areas of contrast in x-ray film.


Barium Swallow  (tests & procedures)

During this procedure, a mixture of barium and water is swallowed just before an x-ray. The barium is used to highlight damage or abnormalities in the upper gastrointestinal tract, including the pharnyx, esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.


Bartonella Antibody

This blood test screens for exposure to Bartonella henselae, the bacteria that causes cat scratch disease.


Basic Metabolic Panel (Blood)

This blood test gives information about your body’s metabolism. It gives a snapshot of the health of your kidneys, your blood sugar levels, and the levels of key electrolytes, such as potassium and sodium.


Bence-Jones Protein (Urine)

This urine test is used mainly to diagnose and monitor multiple myeloma, a blood cancer.


Benzodiazepines (Blood)

This is a blood test to screen for a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. These are depressant drugs used to help patients sleep and ease anxiety.


Benzodiazepines (Urine)

This is a urine test to screen for a class of drugs called benzodiazepines. These drugs are often informally called tranquilizers, sleeping pills, and muscle relaxants.


Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus Culture (Genital, Urine)

This test looks for group B streptococcus (GBS) bacteria in a culture sample either from your urine or from secretions in your vagina and rectum.


Beta Hemolytic Streptococcus Culture (Throat)

This test looks for the bacteria that cause strep throat. This condition causes a severe sore throat and makes it painful to swallow.


Bicarbonate

This test measures the amount of bicarbonate, a form of carbon dioxide, in your blood.


Bilirubin (Amniotic Fluid)

This test is done to see how well your baby is developing inside you.


Blood Smear

This test looks at the number and shape of your red and white blood cells and platelets to see whether they are normal.


Blood Test

Your doctor might order a blood test to find out if you are sick, if your body is responding to an allergy, or if you are at risk for certain health conditions.


Blood Type and Crossmatch

This is a set of tests that looks for harmful interactions between your blood and donor blood. The tests are done before a blood transfusion.


Blood Urea Nitrogen

This test measures the amount of urea nitrogen in your blood. It can help your doctor find out if you have kidney disease or another kidney disorder.


BNP (Blood)

This test measures the amount of a protein that builds up in your blood when you have heart failure. It's an important tool for doctors to diagnose heart failure quickly.


Bone Biopsy  (tests & procedures)

A bone biopsy is a procedure in which bone samples are removed to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.


Bone Densitometry  (tests & procedures)

Bone densitometry is used primarily to diagnose osteoporosis and to determine fracture risk.


Bone Marrow Aspiration and Biopsy

This is a two-part test that looks at the blood cells in a sample of bone marrow, the spongy tissue within certain bones. This test may help your doctor diagnose or monitor a blood disease or health condition affecting your marrow.


Bone Marrow Biopsy  (tests & procedures)

A bone marrow biopsy involves removing tissue from the red bone marrow to be sent to the lab for microscopic examination.


Bone Scan  (tests & procedures)

A bone scan is used to examine the various bones of the skeleton to identify areas of physical and chemical changes in bone.


Bordetella Pertussis Antibody (Blood)

This test checks for antibodies in your blood. are the bacteria that cause pertussis, or whooping cough.


Borrelia Antibody (Blood)

This test measures the level of Borrelia antibodies in your blood. bacteria cause Lyme disease.


Borrelia Antibody (CSF)

This test looks for Borrelia antibodies in your cerebrospinal fluid. bacteria cause Lyme disease.


BPD/DS Weight-Loss Surgery

BPD/DS is a complex weight-loss surgery that may be recommended for people who are extremely obese and have failed to lose weight through other treatments.


Breast Biopsy  (tests & procedures)

A breast biopsy is a procedure in which samples of breast tissue are removed with a special biopsy needle or during surgery to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.


Breast Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)  (tests & procedures)

A breast MRI is a procedure in which large magnets, radiofrequencies, and a computer are used to take detailed pictures of the breast in order to search for abnormalities that may signal the presence of cancer.


Breast Scan  (tests & procedures)

A breast scan is a procedure in which nuclear radiology is used to assess and diagnose various conditions, such as tumors, abscesses, hematomas, organ enlargement, and cysts, as well as organ function and blood flow to the tissue.


Breast Ultrasound  (tests & procedures)

Ultrasound, or sound wave technology is used to examine breast tissue. It may also be used to assess blood flow to areas inside the breasts.


Breast-Conserving Surgery  (tests & procedures)

A lumpectomy is a type of breast-conserving surgery in which a cancerous lump and a portion of the breast tissue around the cancerous lump are removed, leaving the breast intact.


Bronchoscopy  (tests & procedures)

A brochosopy is a procedure in which a long, lighted scope is inserted into the lungs in order to examine the airways of the lungs and to assess lung function.


Brucella Antibody

This test looks for brucellosis, an infectious disease usually caused by handling animals or milk products infected with the brucella bacteria.


Brucella Antibody (CSF)

This test looks at fluid from your spinal cord to find out if you have an illness called brucellosis.


Bunion Surgery  (tests & procedures)

The goal of surgery is to relieve pain and correct as much deformity as possible. The surgery is not cosmetic and is not meant to improve the appearance of the foot.


CA 125

This test looks for the protein CA 125 in your blood. CA 125 is higher in many women with ovarian cancer.


CA 19-9

This test looks for the antigen called CA 19-9 in your blood. It may help diagnose pancreatic cancer and other types of cancer.


CA 27-29

This blood test is used to monitor breast cancer and to find out whether it might recur. It is not a screening test.


Calcium (Blood)

This test measures the amount of calcium in your blood. It can be used to diagnose a variety of disorders, from kidney disease to parathyroid problems.


Calcium (Urine)

This test measures the level of calcium in your urine. If too much calcium builds up in your urine, you may be at risk for kidney stones.


Campylobacter Culture (Stool)

This test looks for harmful bacteria called Campylobacter in a culture sample from your stool.


Cannabinoid Screen and Confirmation (Urine)

This is a two-part test to look for THC, the active ingredient in marijuana, in your urine. It's considered quite accurate.


Carbon Dioxide (Blood)

This test measures the amount of carbon dioxide in your blood. Normally, carbon dioxide in your bloodstream causes no problems, but if you have far too much or too little of it, you may have a disease or a medical emergency.


Carbon Monoxide (Blood)

This test measures the level of carbon monoxide in your blood. You may need this test if you have smoke inhalation or symptoms of CO poisoning.


Carcinoembryonic Antigen

This test measures a protein called carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in your blood. This protein is present on some types of cancer cells.


Cardiac Biomarkers (Blood)

This test measures the levels of cardiac biomarkers – enzymes, hormones, and proteins – in your blood. Some of these markers increase after you've had a heart attack.


Cardiac Catheterization  (tests & procedures)

Cardiac catheterization is a procedure in which a catheter is moved through a blood vessel to the heart in order to better diagnose coronary heart disease, valvular heart disease, congestive heart failure and other heart conditions.


Cardiolipin Antibody

This test helps your doctor diagnose clotting disorders and autoimmune diseases. It measures the concentration of antibodies related to a fat molecule in your blood.


Carotid Artery Duplex Scan  (tests & procedures)

A carotid artery duplex scan is used to assess blockage or narrowing of the carotid arteries of the neck and/or the branches of the carotid artery.


Carotid Endarterectomy/Carotid Angioplasty with Stenting  (tests & procedures)

Carotid endarterectomy (CEA) may be performed to treat a blockage or narrowing of the carotid arteries, thus improving blood supply to the brain. Carotid artery angioplasty with stenting (CAS) is a procedure currently being used on selected patients who are at high risk for surgery.


Carpal Tunnel Release

Carpal tunnel release is a surgery that’s used to treat and potentially heal the painful condition known as carpal tunnel syndrome.


Catecholamines (Blood)

This test measures the levels of catecholamines in your blood. The catecholamine hormones are epinephrine, also called adrenaline; norepinephrine; and dopamine.


Catecholamines (Urine)

This test measures the levels of catecholamines in your urine. The test may help find out whether you have a rare type of tumor.


Catheter Ablation

Also known as a cardiac ablation or radiofrequency ablation, this procedure guides a tube into your heart to destroy small areas of heart tissue that may be causing your abnormal heartbeat.


CD4-CD8 Ratio

This test looks at the ratio of two important types of white blood cells in your blood. If you have HIV, the results can help your doctor know how strong your immune system is.


Cecostomy

Cecostomy is a fairly new surgical procedure that is used to clear the bowels of fecal matter. It’s typically used for children with fecal incontinence related to severe disorders.


Cerebral Arteriogram  (tests & procedures)

A cerebral arteriogram, also called an angiogram, is an x-ray image of the blood vessels in the brain. It is performed to evaluate various conditions, such as an aneurysm, narrowing of a blood vessel, or blockages.


Ceruloplasmin (Blood)

This test measures the amount of copper-containing protein in the blood. It can help diagnose copper disorders like Wilson's disease.


Cervical Biopsy  (tests & procedures)

A cervical biopsy is a procedure performed to remove tissue from the cervix to test for abnormal or precancerous conditions, or cervical cancer.


Cervical Disk Replacement Surgery

Cervical disk replacement surgery involves removing a diseased cervical disk and replacing it with an artificial disk.


Cesarean Delivery  (tests & procedures)

Cesarean delivery is the surgical delivery of a baby by an incision through the mother's abdomen and uterus. This procedure is performed when it is determined to be a safer method than a vaginal delivery for the mother, baby, or both.


Chest Fluoroscopy  (tests & procedures)

Chest fluoroscopy may be performed when the motion of the lungs, diaphragm, or other structures in the chest need to be evaluated.


Chest Ultrasound  (tests & procedures)

Chest ultrasound is a procedure in which sound wave technology is used alone, or along with other types of diagnostic methods, to examine the organs and structures of the chest.


Chest X-ray  (tests & procedures)

A chest X-ray is used to examine the chest and the lungs and other organs and structures located in the chest.


Chlamydia Pneumoniae (Swab)

If your health care provider suspects that you have this type of pneumonia, he or she may do a swab test of your nose or throat.


Chlamydia Trachomatis (Swab)

This test looks for bacteria that cause chlamydia, the most common sexually transmitted disease in the U.S.


Chlamydia Trachomatis (Urine)

This test looks for the bacteria that cause chlamydia, the most common sexually transmitted disease in the U.S.


Chloride

This test will find out how much chloride is in your blood and help your doctor find out if you have a kidney problem.


Chloride (Urine)

This test measures the amount of chloride in your urine. Knowing your chloride level is useful if you have a condition called metabolic alkalosis.


Cholecystectomy  (tests & procedures)

A cholecystectomy is the surgical removal of the gallbladder and is performed if it develops gallstones, becomes inflamed or infected, or is cancerous.


Cholesterol

This test measures the amount of cholesterol in your blood to help determine your risk for heart disease.


Cholinesterase (Blood)

This test looks for toxic chemicals in your blood. These chemicals are most often found in insecticides, either those use in fields or those used in bug sprays.


Chorionic Villus Sampling (CVS)  (tests & procedures)

This prenatal test involves taking a sample of tissue from the placenta to test for chromosomal abnormalities and certain other genetic problems.


Chromosome Analysis

This test looks for changes, or abnormalities, in the chromosomes that make up your body’s DNA, or genetic road map.


Circumcision

Circumcision is the surgical removal of the foreskin that covers the tip of the penis.


Clinical Genetic Testing

This screening test looks for inherited diseases or genes that put you at risk for a certain disease.


Clonazepam Drug Level (Blood)

This test measures the amount of clonazepam in your blood. Clonazepam is a drug used to treat seizures.


Clostridium Difficile Toxin (Stool)

This test looks at your stool for toxins that may be causing persistent diarrhea.


Cocaine Screen

A cocaine screen is a test done to find out whether you have used cocaine recently. The test can be done on your urine, saliva, blood, hair, or sweat.


Colectomy


Colonoscopy  (tests & procedures)

A colonoscopy uses a small camera to examine the inside of the colon. It is typically used to screen for colon cancer, and to asses other injuries, abnormalities, or disease.


Colostomy  (tests & procedures)

A colostomy is an operation that creates an opening for the colon, or large intestine, through the abdomen. A colostomy may be temporary or permanent. It is usually performed after bowel surgery or injury.


Colposcopy  (tests & procedures)

Colposcopy is a procedure that uses an instrument with a magnifying lens and a light, called a colposcope, to examine the cervix (opening to the uterus) and vagina for abnormalities.


Complement C3 (Blood)

This test measures the amount of C3 proteins in your blood. C3 proteins are part of your immune system. This test can help diagnose lupus.


Complement C4 (Blood)

This test measures the amount of a protein called C4 in your blood. You may need this test if your doctor suspects that you have an autoimmune disease.


Complete Blood Count

This test looks at the number and size of various blood cells to help judge your overall health or to diagnose a range of illnesses, from anemia to infections.


Complete Blood Count with Differential

This panel of tests looks for many illnesses, including anemia, infections, and leukemia, in your blood. It can help see how your overall health is.


Complete Urinalysis

This test looks at a sample of your urine, to help diagnose, find, or track many conditions, such as diabetes or urinary tract infections.


Comprehensive Metabolic Panel

This test is a screening panel of 14 tests that look at your metabolism. The tests help see how well your liver and kidneys are working.


Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan of the Abdomen  (tests & procedures)

A CT/CAT scan shows detailed images of any part of the body, including the bones, muscles, fat, organs, and blood vessels. CT/CAT scans are more detailed than standard x-rays and are used to assess the organs and tissues for for injuries, abnormalities, or disease.


Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan of the Bones  (tests & procedures)

A CT scan shows detailed images of the bones, muscles, fat, and organs. CT scans are more detailed than standard X-rays.


Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan of the Brain  (tests & procedures)

CT scans of the brain can provide detailed information about brain tissue and brain structures than standard x-rays of the head, thus providing more information related to injuries and/or diseases of the brain.


Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan of the Chest  (tests & procedures)

CT/CAT scans are more detailed than standard x-rays and are often used to assess the organs of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems,and esophagus, for injuries, abnormalities, or disease.


Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan of the Kidney  (tests & procedures)

CT/CAT scans are more detailed than standard x-rays and are often used to assess the kidneys for injuries, abnormalities, or disease.


Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan of the Liver and Biliary Tract  (tests & procedures)

CT/CAT scans are more detailed than standard x-rays and are often used to assess the liver, gallbladder and bile ducts for for injuries, abnormalities, or disease.


Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan of the Pancreas  (tests & procedures)

CT/CAT scans are more detailed than standard x-rays and are often used to assess the pancreas for injuries, abnormalities, or disease.


Computed Tomography (CT or CAT) Scan of the Spine  (tests & procedures)

A CT scan of the spine may be performed to assess the spine for a herniated disk, tumors and other lesions, the extent of injuries, structural anomalies such as spina bifida, blood vessel malformations, or other conditions.


Computed Tomography Angiography (CTA)

CT angiography is a type of medical exam that combines a CT scan with an injection of a special dye to produce pictures of blood vessels and tissues in a part of your body.


Coronary Artery Bypass Graft Surgery (CABG)  (tests & procedures)

Coronary artery bypass surgery is performed to treat a blockage or narrowing of one or more of the coronary arteries, thus restoring the blood supply to the heart muscle.


Cortisol (Blood)

This test may help in the diagnosis of two fairly uncommon medical conditions: Cushing’s syndrome and Addison’s disease. The test also screens for other diseases that affect your pituitary and adrenal glands.


Cortisol (Urine)

This test looks for two rare medical conditions: Cushing's syndrome and Addison's disease, as well as other diseases that affect your pituitary and adrenal glands.


C-Peptide (Urine)

This test measures how much insulin your body produces. This is important if you have hypoglycemia or other issues related to diabetes.


C-Reactive Protein (Blood)

This test is used to find out if you have inflammation in your body. The test detects the amount of a protein made by your liver and released into your bloodstream.


Creatine Kinase (Blood)

This test measures the amount of a protein called creatine kinase (CK) in your blood. Levels of CK can rise after a heart attack or skeletal muscle injury.


Creatine Kinase MB (Blood)

This test measures the amount of the enzyme creatine kinase in your blood. A certain form of this enzyme can help find out whether you're having a heart attack.


Creatine Kinase MB/Creatine Kinase Ratio

This test measures the amount of creatine kinase (CK), an enzyme, in your blood. The test can help your doctor find out whether you're having a heart attack.


Creatine Kinase with Isoenzymes (Blood)

This test is used to find out whether you have muscle damage, including damage to your heart muscle.


Creatinine (Blood)

This test checks to see how well your kidneys are working. Creatinine is a normal waste product. If it builds up in your body, it could be a sign of kidney disease.


Creatinine (Urine)

This test measures the level of a substance called creatinine in your urine. Too much creatinine may be a sign of kidney disease.


Creatinine Clearance

This test looks at how well your kidneys are working and how well blood is flowing to them.


Cryofibrinogen

This test looks for abnormal proteins in your blood plasma. These abnormal proteins may mean you have a life-threatening disease called cryofibrinogenemia.


Cryoglobulin

This test is done to find out if you have abnormal proteins in your blood. They can be a sign of rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or Raynaud's syndrome, among other illnesses.


Cryotherapy for Prostate Conditions  (tests & procedures)


CT Enterography

CT enterography is a diagnostic procedure that uses CT imagery and a contrast material for a better view of the interior of the small intestine.


Cystatin C

This test measures the amount of a protein called cystatin C in your blood. This is a relatively new blood test to look at your kidney health.


Cystic Fibrosis Genetic Carrier Testing

This test is done to see if you carry a defective gene that may cause cystic fibrosis in your child.


Cystic Fibrosis Sweat Test

A chloride sweat test is the gold standard test for diagnosing cystic fibrosis, a disease that causes mucus to build up in the lungs and other organs.


Cystography  (tests & procedures)

A cystography is a procedure that uses a combination of contrast dyes and X-rays to find the source of problems in, or assess injuries to the bladder.


Cystometry  (tests & procedures)

Cystometry may be recommended to evaluate problems related to the muscle function of the bladder and urethra.


Cystoscopy for Women  (tests & procedures)

Cytoscopy is a procedure in which a long, lighted scope is used to examine the urinary tract, bladder, urethra, and openings to the ureters and is used when problems with the urinary tract are suspected.


Cytomegalovirus (Amniotic Fluid)

This test checks a developing baby for cytomegalovirus (CMV), a virus that belongs to the herpes family of viruses.


Cytomegalovirus (Blood)

This test looks for antibodies to cytomegalovirus (CMV), a virus in the herpes family, in your blood.


Cytomegalovirus (Urine)

This test looks for cytomegalovirus, a common virus that belongs to the herpes family. Your doctor might order the test if you have unexplained symptoms that resemble the flu.


D-Dimer

This test is used to rule out whether you have a blood clot. When blood clots form and start to break down, they release the substance D-dimer into the blood.


Deamidated Gliadin Antibody

This test helps your doctor find out whether you have celiac disease, an autoimmune disorder.


Deep Brain Stimulation

Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a type of therapy that uses electrical stimulation to treat Parkinson’s disease, essential tremor, multiple sclerosis, and certain other neurological conditions.


Dehydroepiandrosterone and Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate

This test measures the level of DHEA and DHEA-S in your blood. It may also be used to check how well your adrenal glands are working.


Digoxin Drug Level

This test measures the amount of the heart drug digoxin in your blood. When you take digoxin, it’s important that the drug be at the right level for you to benefit from it.


Dilation and Curettage (D and C)  (tests & procedures)

A dilation and curettage procedure, also called a D and C, is a surgical procedure in which the cervix is dilated so that the cervical canal and uterine lining can be scraped with a spoon-shaped instrument to remove abnormal tissues.


Diphtheria Antitoxoid Antibody

This test measures the level of diphtheria antibodies in your blood. Diphtheria is extremely rare in the U.S., but you may be at risk if you have traveled to an area where the disease is common.


Direct Antiglobulin

The direct antiglobulin test, or direct Coombs test, is a blood test used to diagnose a type of anemia caused by your immune system.


Direct Bilirubin

This test looks for bilirubin in your blood or urine. The test is usually done to look for liver problems, such as hepatitis, or blockages, such as gallstones.


Dobutamine Stress Echocardiogram  (tests & procedures)

A dobutamine stress echocardiogram is a diagnostic procedure in which an intravenous medication called dobutamine is used when an exercise stress test is not recommended. Dobutamine mimics the effects of exercise on the heart.


EBV Antibody

This test checks for antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus. It often doesn't have any symptoms, but in teens and young adults, it can mononucleosis.


Echocardiogram  (tests & procedures)

An echocardiogram is a procedure in which ultrasonic sound waves are used to assess the heart's function and structures.


Electrocardiogram  (tests & procedures)

An electrocardiogram (ECG or EKG) is a simple and fast procedure that is used to evaluate the electrical activity of the heart, which is measured in "waves." Variations in the waves may indicate problems with the heart.


Electroencephalogram (EEG)  (tests & procedures)

The EEG is used to evaluate several types of brain disorders, including epilepsy, Alzheimer's disease, certain psychoses, and certain sleep disorders.


Electrolytes

This test measures the main electrolytes in your body: sodium, chloride, potassium, and carbon dioxide.


Electromyography (EMG)  (tests & procedures)

Electromyography (EMG) measures muscle response or electrical activity in response to a nerve’s stimulation of the muscle. The test is used to help detect neuromuscular abnormalities.


Electronystagmography (ENG)  (tests & procedures)

Detailed information on electronystagmography (ENG), including the reasons and preparation for the procedure, how the procedure is performed, after care, and an anatomical illustration of the ear


Electrophysiological Studies  (tests & procedures)

When a problem develops with the heart’s rhythm, there may or may not be any symptoms. An electrophysiological study (EP study) is an invasive procedure that tests the heart's electrical system to determine the cause of the dysrhythmia.


Endometrial Ablation  (tests & procedures)

Endometrial ablation is a procedure to permanently remove a thin tissue layer of the lining of the uterus to stop or reduce excessive or abnormal bleeding in women for whom childbearing is complete.


Endometrial Biopsy  (tests & procedures)

An endometrial biopsy is a procedure performed to obtain a small tissue sample from the lining of the uterus.


Endomysial Antibody

This test looks for certain antibodies in your blood that may mean you have celiac disease, an autoimmune disease that affects your intestines.


Endoscopic Endonasal Surgery

Endoscopic endonasal surgery is a minimally invasive technique that allows a surgeon to go through the nose to correct problems or remove a tumor in various areas of the brain and the top of the spine.


Endoscopic Pituitary Surgery

The pituitary gland is located at the bottom of your brain and above the inside of your nose. Endoscopic pituitary surgery is the most common surgery used to remove pituitary tumors.


Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography  (tests & procedures)

Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) is a procedure in which x-ray and an endoscope - a long, flexible, lighted tube - are used to assess and treat problems in the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, and pancreas.


Endovascular Coiling  (tests & procedures)

During endovascular coiling, a catheter is used to insert a small coil into an artery in the brain. The coil constricts the artery, blocking blood flow to an aneurysm.


Endovascular Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology

Endovascular neurosurgery is a subspecialty within neurosurgery that uses catheters and radiology to diagnose and treat various conditions and diseases of the central nervous system.


Entamoeba histolytica Antibody

This test looks for antibodies to a parasite that causes the disease amebiasis. This disease is more common in tropical countries with poor sanitation.


Epidural Corticosteroid Injections

If you are experiencing intense, intractable pain in your legs or arms from inflamed spinal nerves, then an epidural steroid injection might be the preferred treatment to quickly give you relief.


Episiotomy  (tests & procedures)

During childbirth, the vagina may not stretch enough. If this occurs, your health care provider may perform an episiotomy to help enlarge the opening and deliver the baby.


Erythrocyte Sedimentation Rate

This test measures how quickly your red blood cells settle to the bottom of a test tube. The faster they settle, the more likely you have inflammation.


Erythropoietin (Blood)

This test measures how much of the hormone erythropoietin you have in your blood. You may need this test to help find out what kind of anemia you have.


Esophagogastroduodenoscopy  (tests & procedures)

Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure used to diagnose structural or functional abnormalities of the esophagus, stomach, and/or duodenum.


Estradiol (Blood)

This test measures the amount of estradiol (E2), the form of estrogen made primarily by the ovaries.


Ethanol (Blood)

This test measures the amount of alcohol, or ethanol, in your blood. This test is used by law enforcement agencies and hospitals to find out the concentration of alcohol in a person’s blood.


Evoked Potentials Studies  (tests & procedures)

Evoked potential studies may be used to assess hearing or sight, especially in infants and children, to diagnose disorders of the optic nerve, and to detect tumors or other problems affecting the brain and spinal cord.


Exercise Echocardiogram  (tests & procedures)

An exercise echocardiogram is a procedure in which ultrasound, or sound wave technology, is used to asses the heart's response to stress or exercise.


Exercise Electrocardiogram  (tests & procedures)

An exercise ECG is a simple and fast procedure that is used to evaluate the electrical activity of the heart's response to stress or exercise.


External and Internal Heart Rate Monitoring of the Fetus  (tests & procedures)

The fetal heart rate may change as the fetus responds to conditions in the uterus. An abnormal fetal heart rate or pattern may indicate that the fetus is not getting enough oxygen or that there are other problems.


Factor I

This test measures the amount of a protein called factor I, or fibrinogen, in your blood. It helps find out if you have a bleeding or clotting disorder.


Factor II

This test measures how much of the protein prothrombin, or factor II, is in your blood. It can help diagnose bleeding and clotting disorders.


Factor IX (Antihemophilic Factor B)

The factor IX test is part of a larger screening to find out which type of hemophilia you have.


Factor V

This test looks for a deficiency in a protein called factor V. This protein is one of your body's "clotting factors." When you have too little factor V, you may have bleeding problems.


Factor VIII (Antihemophilic Factor A)

This test helps find out whether you have hemophilia A or another clotting disorder.


Factor X

This test checks for a deficiency in a protein in the blood known as . This protein helps with clotting.


Factor XI

This test measures the amount of factor XI in your blood. Factor XI is a substance that plays an important role in blood clotting.


Factor XII

This test measures the amount of a protein called coagulation factor XII in your blood. Factor XII is one of several clotting factors.


Fecal Fat

This test measures the amount of fat in your stool. Having too much fat in your stool may mean that you have malabsorption.


Fecal Occult Blood Test

A fecal occult blood test checks a stool sample for blood that can't be seen with the naked eye. Blood in the stool is a sign of bleeding in the digestive tract.


Femoral Popliteal Bypass Surgery  (tests & procedures)

Femoral popliteal (also called femoropopliteal) bypass surgery is a surgical procedure that may be used to treat severe blockage due to plaque in the femoral artery. The femoral and popliteal arteries are located in the legs.


Ferritin (Blood)

This test measures how much iron is in your blood. Too much or too little iron can cause health problems.


Fetal Fibronectin

This test measures the amount of a protein made during pregnancy. It can help your doctor know if you are at risk for premature delivery.


Fetal Ultrasound  (tests & procedures)

Fetal ultrasound is a test used during pregnancy that creates an image of the fetus in the mother's uterus, or womb.


Fluoroscopy Procedure  (tests & procedures)

Fluoroscopy is a study of moving body structures—similar to an X-ray "movie."


Fluphenazine Drug Level (Blood)

This test measures the amount of fluphenazine in your blood. The medication is used to treat schizophrenia and Tourette's syndrome.


Folate

This test measures the amount of folate in either your serum or your red blood cells.


Follicle-Stimulating Hormone

This test measures the level of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), an important hormone made in your pituitary gland.


Fragile X Syndrome (Amniotic Fluid)

This test checks a sample of your amniotic fluid to find out whether your fetus may have fragile X syndrome, a rare genetic disorder.


Free and Bound T4

This is a blood test to measure your level of the hormone thyroxine, or T4. This test can show your doctor whether your thyroid gland is overactive, a condition called hyperthyroidism, or underactive, a condition called hypothyroidism.


Free and Bound Triiodothyronine (Blood)

This test measures the level of triiodothyronine (T3) in your blood. T3 is a type of hormone made by your thyroid gland.


Free Androgen Index

This test is used to find out whether your levels of the hormone androgen are normal. The levels are different for men and women.


Free Light Chains (Blood)

This test looks for signs of antibodies called immunoglobulins in your blood. It can help diagnose an illness called multiple myeloma.


Free T4

This test measures the level of free T in your blood. It helps your doctor know how well your thyroid is working.


Free Testosterone

This test measures both your total and free testosterone levels. Having levels that are too high or too low can cause health problems.


Galactosemia

This test looks for enzyme activity in the red blood cells in your child’s blood. It can help diagnose galactosemia, a rare inherited disorder.


Gallbladder Scan  (tests & procedures)

A gallbladder scan - also known as a liver-billiary scan - uses nuclear radiology to assess the function and structure of the gallbladder and surrounding organs.


Gamma Knife  (tests & procedures)

Gamma Knife radiosurgery uses beams of highly focused gamma rays to treat small- to medium-sized lesions, usually in the brain.


Gamma-Glutamyl Transpeptidase

This test looks for an enzyme called gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase in your blood. The test can help find out whether you have liver damage.


Gastric Banding Surgery for Teens

Gastric banding is a form of bariatric surgery. It is used to treat people with severe obesity who have trouble losing weight through diet or exercise alone.


Gastric Bypass (Malabsorptive) Surgery Procedure  (tests & procedures)

Bariatric surgery is a procedure that alters the process of digestion and is currently the best treatment option for producing lasting weight loss in obese patients when traditional methods have not been effective.


Gastric Stapling (Restrictive) Surgery Procedure  (tests & procedures)

Gastric stapling (restrictive) surgery is a type of bariatric surgery (weight loss surgery) procedure in which surgical staples are used to divide the stomach into two smaller sections, strictly limiting the amount of food a person can eat.


Gastrin

This test measures the amount of the hormone gastrin in your blood. You may need this test if you have recurrent peptic ulcers.


Gene Mutation for Cystic Fibrosis in Newborns (Blood)

This test looks for cystic fibrosis in newborn babies. People with CF tend to develop chronic lung disease and are at risk for lung infections.


Giardia Antigen (Stool)

This is a stool sample test to look for the parasite , which causes an infection of the small bowel called giardiasis or travelers’ diarrhea.


Glomerular Filtration Rate

This test looks for changes in how well your kidneys are working. This is especially important if you have diabetes or high blood pressure.


Glucose (Blood)

A blood glucose test tells you whether your level of glucose is within a healthy range. Fasting plasma glucose is a common test for diagnosing diabetes.


Glucose (CSF)

This test measures the amount of glucose in the fluid that surrounds your brain and spinal cord. If you have a serious infection, your glucose level may be lower than normal.


Glucose (Urine)

This test is used to indirectly find out if your levels of glucose – blood sugar – are within a healthy range. It's used to monitor both type 1 and type 2 diabetes.


Glucose Tolerance

This test is used to screen for prediabetes or diabetes. For the test, you drink a sweet beverage and then have your blood drawn several times over the next few hours.


Glucose-6-Phosphate Dehydrogenase

This test finds out whether you have low levels of a particular enzyme that can cause hemolytic anemia.


Gonorrhea (Urine)

This test looks at your urine to find out whether you are infected with gonorrhea, a common sexually transmitted disease.


Gonorrhea Culture (Discharge)

This test looks for the bacteria that cause gonorrhea, a sexually transmitted disease.


Gonorrhea Culture (DNA Probe)

This test looks for DNA of gonorrhea bacteria in a sample of bodily fluid. It can distinguish between an infection caused by gonorrhea and one caused by chlamydia.


Gram Stain

This test finds out whether you have a bacterial infection. The test can be used on various bodily fluids, such as blood and urine.


Growth Hormone (Blood)

This test measures the amount of growth hormone in your blood. This hormone affects height, bone, and muscle growth in children. It affects how adults feel and look, as well as their bone and muscle health.


Growth Hormone Antibody

This test looks for growth hormone (GH) antibodies in your blood. These antibodies may mean that your growth treatment may not be working.


Growth Hormone with Stimulation (Blood)

This test measures the level of growth hormone in your blood by stimulating hormone production.


Growth Hormone with Suppression (Blood)

This test measures the level of growth hormone in your blood. Too much of this hormone may mean you have a tumor in your pituitary gland.


Haemophilus Influenzae Antibody

This test measures the amount of anti-Hib IgG iantibody in your blood. The test can find out how well your body has responded to the Hib vaccine.


Haptoglobin

This test measures the level of a protein called haptoglobin in your blood. Low levels may mean that you have a type of anemia.


HCG (Blood)

This test is the gold standard for determining whether you are pregnant. It shows that you are pregnant before an imaging test, such as an ultrasound, can do so.


HCG (Urine)

This test measures the amount of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) in your urine. It can tell whether you are pregnant within days of a missed period.


HDL Cholesterol

This test measures the amount of HDL ("good") cholesterol in your blood. It's one of several tests that can determine your risk for heart disease.


Heart Transplantation Procedure  (tests & procedures)

A heart transplant is a surgical procedure performed to remove the diseased heart from a patient and replace it with a healthy one from an organ donor.


Heart Valve Repair or Replacement Surgery  (tests & procedures)

Heart valve repair or replacement surgery is a treatment option when the heart valves become damaged or diseased and do not function properly.


Helicobacter Pylori Antibody

This test measures the levels of antibodies in your blood. The test can help find out whether your peptic ulcers are caused by these bacteria.


Helicobacter Pylori Culture

This test is used to find out if you are infected with bacteria.


Helicobacter Pylori Urea Breath

This is a breath test that checks for , a common infection that can cause ulcers and other stomach irritations.


Hematocrit

This test measures how much of your blood is made up of red blood cells. Too many or too few red blood cells can cause health problems.


Hemoglobin

This is a blood test to find out how much hemoglobin is in your blood. You may need this test if you have anemia or symptoms of anemia.


Hemoglobin (Fetal)

Fetal hemoglobin is one of many types of hemoglobin in the blood. High levels may mean you have thalassemia, myeloid leukemia, or sickle cell anemia.


Hemoglobin C

This test can find out whether you have hemoglobin C disease, a blood disorder. Hemoglobin C causes hemolytic anemia, which is similar to sickle cell disease.


Hemoglobin S

This test looks for an abnormal type of hemoglobin called hemoglobin S in your blood. This type of hemoglobin can be a sign that you have sickle cell disease.


Hepatitis A Antibody

This test finds out whether you are infected with the hepatitis A virus. Hepatitis A is one of five hepatitis viruses, all of which can infect the liver.


Hepatitis B Core Antibody

This test looks for antibodies called IgM in your blood. The test is used to find out whether you are actively infected with the hepatitis B virus.


Hepatitis B Surface Antigen

This test looks for hepatitis B surface antigens in your blood. The test is used to find out whether you have a recent or long-standing infection from the hepatitis B virus.


Hepatitis C Antibody

This test determines whether you are infected with the hepatitis C virus, a virus that attacks the liver and can lead to liver disease.


Hepatitis Panel

This test finds out whether you have a hepatitis infection. It looks for infection by one of several hepatitis viruses.


Herpes Simplex Virus Antibody

This test screens for the herpes simplex virus and can help diagnose current and recurrent infections.


Herpes Simplex Virus Culture and Typing

This test looks for which type of herpes simplex virus is causing your infection.


Hip Replacement Surgery  (tests & procedures)

Hip replacement surgery is a procedure in which a damaged hip joint is replaced with an artificial hip joint. It is most commonly recommended as a treatment for severe osteoarthritis or damage due to fracture.


HIV Genotypic Resistance

This blood test looks at the genetic makeup of a strain of HIV, the virus that causes AIDS. The test can be useful in planning your treatment for HIV.


HIV Viral Load

This test measure the amount of HIV in your blood. HIV causes AIDS, and this test is used to see how well your HIV treatment is working.


HIV-1 Antibody

The test looks for HIV-1 antibodies in your blood. Your body makes these antibodies when you have been exposed to HIV, the virus that causes AIDS.


HIV-1/HIV-2 Rapid Screen

This test looks for HIV infection in your blood or saliva. It can give you results in about 20 minutes.


HLA Antibody

This test looks for a certain antibody made by your immune system. The test is done if you need an organ transplant.


HLA Antigen

This test looks at the human leukocyte antigens (HLA) in your blood. It helps match donors and recipients for stem-cell and organ transplants.


HLA-B27 Antigen

This test looks for a certain protein made by your immune system. The test can help tell whether you have an autoimmune disease.


Holter Monitor  (tests & procedures)

When symptoms such as dizziness, fainting, low blood pressure, prolonged fatigue, and palpitations continue to occur without a definitive diagnosis obtained with a resting ECG, your physician may request an ECG tracing to be run over a long period of time, using a Holter monitor.


Homocysteine

This test measures levels of homocysteine in your blood. At high levels, it can damage the lining of arteries and encourage blood clotting.


HSV DNA (CSF)

This test finds out if you have DNA from the herpes simplex virus in your nervous system. It can help diagnose encephalitis and meningitis.


Human Papillomavirus (HPV)

This test looks for the virus that causes genital warts and cervical, throat, and anal cancer.


Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy for Wound Healing

Wounds need oxygen to heal properly, and exposing a wound to 100 percent oxygen can, in many cases, speed the healing process.


Hysterectomy  (tests & procedures)

Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of the uterus. Different portions of the uterus, as well as other organs, may be removed at the same time.


Hysteroscopy  (tests & procedures)

Hysteroscopy is the visual examination of the canal of the cervix and interior of the uterus using a thin, lighted, flexible tube called a hysteroscope.


Immunofixation (Blood)

This blood test finds out if you are abnormally making or losing protein or whether you are having problems absorbing protein.


Immunofixation and Protein Electrophoresis (CSF)

This test looks for certain proteins in a sample of your cerebral spinal fluid. Having these proteins may be a sign of multiple sclerosis or other central nervous system disorder.


Immunofixation by Electrophoresis (Urine)

This test separates and measures proteins in your urine. It looks for an abnormal protein called monoclonal protein, or M-protein.


Immunohistochemical Test for Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors

This test looks for several types of receptors on cells in a sample of breast cancer tissue. It helps your doctor figure out which type of breast cancer you have.


Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator (ICD) Insertion  (tests & procedures)

During this procedure, an electronic device is inserted into the chest to help regulate electrical problems with the heart by providing either anti-tachycardia pacing (ATP) or shock therapy to prevent sudden cardiac arrest.


Insulin-Like Growth Factor

This test measures the amount of insulin-like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) in your blood.


International Normalized Ratio

This blood test looks to see how well your blood clots. The test is especially important if you take blood-thinning medications.


Intravenous Pyelogram  (tests & procedures)

An intravenous pyelogram is a procedure that uses a combination of contrast dyes and X-rays to look for obstructions in the blood flow of the kidneys or poor kidney function.


Intrinsic Factor Antibody

This is a blood test for pernicious anemia, which is caused by a deficiency of vitamin B.


Iron (Blood)

This test measures the level of iron in your blood. Having too little or too much iron can lead to health problems.


Iron and Total Iron-Binding Capacity

These tests measure the amount of iron in your blood and how well that iron moves through your body.


Joint Aspiration  (tests & procedures)

Joint aspiration refers to removing fluid from the space around a joint—usually the knee—using a needle and syringe.


Ketone Bodies (Blood)

This test measures ketones, a byproduct of digestion, in your blood. A high level of ketones is a potentially fatal complication of diabetes.


Ketone Bodies (Urine)

This test checks the amount of ketones you have in your body. People with diabetes may have high levels of ketones.


Kidney Biopsy  (tests & procedures)

A kidney biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples are removed with a special needle to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present, or to determine how well the kidney is working.


Kidney Scan  (tests & procedures)

A kidney scan uses nuclear radiology to assess the function and structure of the kidneys, as well as blood flow to the kidney tissue.


Kidney Stone (Urine)

This test checks your urine for chemicals that might cause your body to form kidney stones.


Kidney Transplantation Procedure  (tests & procedures)

A kidney transplant is a surgical procedure performed to replace a diseased kidney with a healthy kidney from another person.


Kidney Ultrasound  (tests & procedures)

An ultrasound of the kidney uses An ultrasound of the kidney is a procedure in which sound wave technology is used to assess the size, shape, and location of the kidneys in order to detect injuries, abnormalities or disease.


Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder X-ray  (tests & procedures)

A KUB x-ray may be the first diagnostic procedure used to assess the urinary system; to find the cause of abdominal pain, such as masses, perforations, or obstruction; or to evaluate the urinary tract before other diagnostic procedures are performed.


Knee Ligament Repair  (tests & procedures)

Knee ligament repair is used when a knee ligament is torn and results in instability in the knee.


Knee Replacement Surgery Procedure  (tests & procedures)

Knee replacement surgery is a procedure in which the ends of the bones in the knee are capped with metal and plastic parts. It is most commonly used to treat severe osteoarthritis.


Kyphoplasty

Kyphoplasty is used to treat fractures in the bones of the spine in which the doctor first inflates a balloon-like device in the bone to make space which is filled with cement.


Lactate Dehydrogenase (CSF)

This test measures the amount of an enzyme in your cerebrospinal fluid. The test can help diagnose diseases and conditions that affect your central nervous system.


Lactate Dehydrogenase Isoenzymes

This test measures different enzymes in your blood. You may need this test if you've had a heart attack, or if you have a blood disorder or liver damage.


Lactic Acid Dehydrogenase (Blood)

This test looks at how much of the enzyme LDH you have in your blood. Higher levels of this substance could mean you've had a heart attack or other tissue damage.


Lactose Tolerance (Blood)

This test tells whether your body is able to break down lactose, a sugar found in milk and other dairy products. If you can't digest lactose, you have lactose intolerance.


Lactose Tolerance Hydrogen (Breath)

This test measures the amount of hydrogen gas in your breath. It can help find out if you are unable to digest milk and other dairy products.


Laminectomy  (tests & procedures)

Laminectomy is a type of surgery in which a physician removes part or all of the vertebral bone to relieve compression of the spinal cord or the nerve roots.


Laparoscopic Adjustable Gastric Banding

Laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding (LAGB) is one of the least invasive operations available for obesity. It is also one of the more effective.


Laparoscopy  (tests & procedures)

Laparoscopy is a procedure that utilizes a laparoscope, a thin flexible tube containing a video camera to examine the organs of the abdominal cavity.


Laser Varicose Vein Surgery

Sometimes your veins can become swollen and bulging. These are called varicose veins.


LDL Cholesterol

This test measures the amount of LDL cholesterol in your blood. It may be done as part of a routine exam for high cholesterol.


Lead (Blood)

This test measures the amount of lead in your child’s blood. High levels of lead in the blood can be toxic.


Lecithin-Sphingomyelin Ratio (Amniotic Fluid)

This test measures two substances found in amniotic fluid near the end of pregnancy. The amounts can tell your doctor how mature your unborn baby's lungs are.


Legionella Antibody

This test looks for an antibody that may be in your blood if you have Legionnaires’ disease. This disease is a type of pneumonia or serious lung infection.


Leptin (Blood)

This test measures the amount of leptin in your blood. The test can help figure out how much body fat you have.


Lipase

This test measures the amount of lipase in your blood. Lipase is an enzyme that is made by your pancreas. Higher levels may mean you have a problem with your pancreas.


Lipid Panel

This group of tests measures the amount of cholesterol and other fats in your blood.


Lipid Panel with Non-HDL Cholesterol

This test measures your level of LDL ("bad") cholesterol. The higher your LDL levels, the greater your risk for heart disease.


Lipid Panel with Total Cholesterol: HDL Ratio

This group of tests measures the amount of cholesterol and triglycerides in your blood. This test looks at the ratio between total and HDL cholesterol levels.


Lipoprotein(a) Cholesterol

This test measures the level of lipoprotein (a) in your blood. A high level of this cholesterol may mean you have heart disease or another cholesterol-related condition.


Lipoprotein-Associated Phospholipase A2

This test looks for a specific lipoprotein, Lp-PLA2, in your blood. The test is used to help predict your risk for cardiovascular disease and stroke.


Lithium

This test measures and monitors the amount of lithium in your blood. Lithium is a medication used to treat certain psychiatric illnesses.


Lithotripsy  (tests & procedures)

Lithotripsy treats certain kidney stones with ultrasonic energy, or shock waves, once they are located with fluoroscopy or ultrasound.


Liver Biopsy  (tests & procedures)

A liver biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples from the liver are removed for examination under a microscope to look for signs of damage or disease. It is used to diagnose many liver conditions.


Liver Kidney Microsomal Antibody

This test looks for a certain type of antibody in your child’s blood. Having this antibody may mean that your child has liver damage caused by a form of hepatitis.


Liver Panel

This group of tests measures specific proteins and enzymes in your blood. It can tell how healthy your liver is and help diagnose liver disease or damage.


Liver Scan  (tests & procedures)

A liver scan - also known as a liver-spleen scan - uses nuclear radiology to assess the function and structure of the liver and surrounding organs. It may also be used to assess the progress of treatment for certain conditions.


Liver Transplantation Procedure  (tests & procedures)

Detailed information on liver transplantation, including the reasons and preparation for the procedure, how the procedure is performed, after care, and an anatomical illustration of the liver


Lobectomy  (tests & procedures)

A lobectomy is a surgical procedure that removes one of the lobes of the lungs.


Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure (LEEP)  (tests & procedures)

Loop electrosurgical excision procedure (LEEP) uses a wire loop heated by electric current to remove cells and tissue as part of the diagnosis and treatment for abnormal or cancerous conditions in a woman’s lower genital tract.


Lumbar Disk Replacement

A lumbar disk replacement is a type of back surgery. It involves replacing a worn or degenerated disk in the lower part of your spine with an artificial replacement made of medical-grade metal or a combination of medical-grade metal and medical-grade plastic.


Lumbar Puncture (LP)  (tests & procedures)

A lumbar puncture (LP), also known as a spinal tap, is a diagnostic and/or therapeutic procedure used to remove a small amount of cerebrospinal fluid for examination and diagnosis of various disorders.


Lung Biopsy  (tests & procedures)

A lung biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples are removed with a special needle to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.


Lung Scan  (tests & procedures)

A lung scan is a procedure that uses nuclear radiology to assess the function and structure of the lungs. It is most often performed when problems with the lungs and respiratory tract are suspected.


Lung Transplantation Procedure  (tests & procedures)

In a lung transplant, one or both diseased lungs are removed and replaced with a healthy lung from another person.


Lupus Anticoagulant

This is a specialized blood test to determine whether your body is producing certain antibodies or proteins that cause you to have a blood-clotting disorder.


Luteinizing Hormone (Blood)

This test measures the level of luteinizing hormone in your blood. It can help figure out the cause of infertility or diagnose a pituitary disorder.


Magnesium (Blood)

This test measures the amount of magnesium in your blood. Too little or too much of this mineral can mean you have certain health problems.


Magnetic Resonance Angiography (MRA)

Magnetic resonance angiography – also called a magnetic resonance angiogram or MRA – is a type of MRI that looks specifically at the body’s blood vessels.


Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Bones, Joints, and Soft Tissues  (tests & procedures)

Magnetic resonance imaging uses a combination of a large magnet, radiofrequencies, and a computer to produce detailed images of structures within the body.


Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Heart  (tests & procedures)

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a diagnostic procedure that uses a combination of a large magnet, radiofrequencies, and a computer to produce detailed images of organs and structures within the body.


Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) of the Spine and Brain  (tests & procedures)

MRI may be used to examine the brain and/or spinal cord for injuries or the presence of structural abnormalities or certain other conditions, including tumors or aneurysms.


Mammogram Procedure  (tests & procedures)

A mammogram is an X-ray examination of the breast amd is used to detect and diagnose breast disease in women.


Mastectomy  (tests & procedures)

A mastectomy is a surgical procedure in which all or a portion of a breast is removed as a part of a treatment plan for breast cancer.


MDMA Drug Screen (Urine)

This is a urine test to screen for MDMA, a street drug also known as Ecstasy.


Measles, Mumps, Rubella Antibody

This test looks for antibodies to three diseases: measles, mumps, and rubella.


Mediastinoscopy  (tests & procedures)

A mediastinoscopy is a surgical procedure performed to examine the mediastinum - the space behind the sternum (breastbone) in the middle of the chest that separates the two lungs.


Mercury (Blood)

This test measures the amount of mercury in your blood. You can be exposed to mercury from polluted air or water, if you work in an industry that still uses mercury, from eating fish that are high in mercury, and from some complementary and alternative health remedies.


Mercury (Urine)

This test measures the amount of mercury in your urine. Long-term exposure to mercury can cause kidney and brain damage.


Metanephrines (Blood)

This test measures the substances metanephrine and normetanephrine in your blood. It helps find out whether you have a tumor of the adrenal glands.


Methylmalonic Acid (Blood)

This test measures the amount of a substance called methymalonic acid (MMA) in your blood. Higher levels may mean you have a vitamin B deficiency.


Methylmalonic Acid (Urine)

This test measures the amount of a substance called methylmalonic acid (MMA) in your urine. It can help diagnose a B deficiency.


Microalbumin (Urine)

This test looks for minuscule amounts of albumin in your urine. The test can find out whether diabetes has damaged your kidneys.


Microscopic Urinalysis

This test looks at a sample of your urine under a microscope. It can see cells from your urinary tract, blood cells, crystals, bacteria, parasites, and cells from tumors.


Mononucleosis (Blood)

This test looks for signs in your blood that you have the Epstein-Barr virus, the virus that causes mono.


MR Enterography

Magnetic resonance enterography, or MR enterography, is a minimally invasive imaging test that allows your doctor to obtain detailed pictures of your small bowel.


MRSA Culture

This test looks for bacteria called methicillin-resistant (MRSA) in a fluid sample from your body.


Mumps Antibody

This test looks for antibodies to the mumps virus in your blood. Mumps is a contagious disease that usually begins with flu-like symptoms.


Muscle Biopsy  (tests & procedures)

In a muscle biopsy, tissue and cells from muscle are removed and viewed microscopically. The procedure is used to diagnose diseases involving muscle tissue.


Mycoplasma (Genital)

This test looks for microorganisms in a sample of secretions from your genital area. Mycoplasma may be a sign of infection or a sexually transmitted disease.


Mycoplasma (Sputum)

This test looks at sputum, or the mucus from your lower airways. It finds out whether you have a lung infection caused by a certain organism.


Myelogram  (tests & procedures)

A myelogram, also known as myelography, is a procedure that combines the use of dye with x-rays or CT scans to assess the spinal cord, subarachnoid space, or other structures for abnormalities, particularly when another type of examination, such as a standard x-ray, is inconclusive.


Myocardial Perfusion Scan, Resting  (tests & procedures)

A resting myocardial perfusion scan in a procedure in which nuclear radiology is used to assess blood flow to the heart muscle and determine what areas have decreases blood flow.


Myocardial Perfusion Scan, Stress  (tests & procedures)

A stress myocardial perfusion scan is used to assess the blood flow to the heart muscle when it is stressed by exercise or medication and to determine what areas have decreased blood flow.


Myoglobin (Blood)

This test measures the amount of a protein called myoglobin in your blood. It’s done to help diagnose conditions caused by muscle damage, including heart attack.


Myoglobin (Urine)

This test measures a protein called myoglobin in your urine. The test can help find out whether your muscle tissue has been injured.


Nerve Conduction Velocity (NCV)  (tests & procedures)

Nerve conduction velocity (NCV) test - also called a nerve conduction study (NCS) - is a measurement of the speed of conduction of an electrical impulse through a nerve. NCV can determine nerve damage and destruction.


Osmolality (Blood)

This test measures the concentration of dissolved particles, or osmolality, in your blood.


Osmolality (Stool)

This test measures the concentration, or osmolality, of certain particles in a sample of your watery stool. The test is used to find out why you have chronic diarrhea.


Osmolality (Urine)

This test measures the concentration of particles in your urine. It finds out whether your electrolyte balance is normal and whether your kidneys are working properly.


Ova and Parasites (Stool)

This test looks for parasites and their larvae or eggs in a sample of your stool.


Oxalate (Urine)

This test checks for the chemical oxalate in your blood. High levels of this substance can make it more likely that you will develop kidney stones.


Oximetry  (tests & procedures)

Oximetry is a procedure used to measure the oxygen level—or oxygen saturation—in the blood.


Pacemaker Insertion  (tests & procedures)

During a pacemaker insertio, a small electronic device is implanted in the chest (just below the collarbone) to help regulate electrical problems with the heart.


Pancreas Scan  (tests & procedures)

A pancreas scan uses nuclear radiology to search for, and sometime treat, tumors in the pancreas.


Pancreatic Polypeptide

This test measures a substance in your blood called pancreatic polypeptide. Higher levels may mean you have a type of pancreatic tumor.


Pap

This screening test looks for abnormal cells in the cervix. If abnormal cells are found, your doctor can treat them right away, before they become cancerous.


Pap Test  (tests & procedures)

A Pap test is a screening test to collect and microscopically examine cells taken from the cervix.


Parathyroid Hormone

This test measures a substance called parathyroid hormone in your blood. This hormone is needed to help regulate the level of calcium in your blood.


Partial Thromboplastin Time

This test is used to help diagnose bleeding problems and clotting disorders. It's often done before surgery to find out if you're at risk for uncontrolled bleeding.


Parvovirus

This test checks for a current or past infection with the virus that causes fifth disease in children.


Peak Flow Measurement  (tests & procedures)

Peak flow measurement is a procedure that records the amount of air flowing out of your lungs. Peak flow can be measured with either a spirometer or a peak flow meter.


Pediatric Appendectomy

A pediatric appendectomy is a surgery that's performed to remove a child's appendix. The appendix is a small pouch that's attached to the large intestine on the lower right side of the abdomen.


Pelvic Ultrasound  (tests & procedures)

Ultrasound, or sound wave technology, is used to examine the organs and structures in the female pelvis.


Percutaneous Transluminal Coronary Angioplasty (PTCA) and Stent Placement  (tests & procedures)

During percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty (PTCA), a special catheter (long hollow tube) is inserted into coronary arteries that are blocked as a result of coronary artery disease (CAD), restoring arterial blood flow to the heart tissue without open-heart surgery.


Phenobarbital

This test measures the amount of the drug phenobarbital in your blood. Phenobarbital is used to treat epilepsy.


Phenylketonuria (PKU)

This test checks newborns for PKU, a condition that can cause brain damage and severe intellectual disability if untreated.


Plasmodium (Blood)

This test looks for Plasmodium parasites in your blood. The parasites cause malaria, a serious disease that can be fatal if left untreated.


Platelet Antibody

This test looks for platelet antibodies in your blood in order to find out the cause of a low platelet count.


Platelets

This test measures the number of platelet cells in your blood. It can give your doctor valuable information about how well your blood clots to stop bleeding, how well your bone marrow is working, and about diseases that affect your platelet count.


Pleural Biopsy  (tests & procedures)

A pleural biopsy is a procedure in which a sample of the pleura (the membrane that surrounds the lungs) is removed with a special biopsy needle or during surgery to determine if disease, infection, or cancer is present.


Pneumocystis Jirovecii (Tissue, Fluid)

This test looks for P. jirovecii fungus in your lung tissue or in fluid from a lung. This fungus causes pneumocystis pneumonia.


Porphyrins (Urine)

This test looks for substances called porphyrins in your urine. If high levels are present, you may have a disease that affects the way the hemoglobin in your blood works.


Positron Emission Tomography (PET Scan)  (tests & procedures)

Positron emission tomography (PET) is a specialized radiology procedure used to examine various body tissues to identify certain conditions. PET may also be used to follow the progress of the treatment of certain conditions.


Potassium

This test measures the amount of potassium in your blood. It's often part of a routine blood test to check your level of electrolytes.


Prealbumin (Blood)

The prealbumin screen is a blood test to see whether you are getting enough protein in your diet.


Proctectomy


Progesterone

This test measures the level of a hormone called progesterone in your blood. You may need this test if you are having trouble getting pregnant.


Proinsulin (Blood)

This blood test measures proinsulin, a building block for insulin. Measuring proinsulin in your blood can help figure out your risk for type 1 or type 2 diabetes.


Prolactin (Blood)

This test measures the level of prolactin in your blood. The test can help find out whether you have a pituitary gland tumor.


Prostate Biopsy  (tests & procedures)

A prostate biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples are removed with a special needle to determine if cancer or other abnormal cells are present.


Prostate/Rectal Sonogram  (tests & procedures)

A sonogram uses ultrasound technology to allow quick visualization of the prostate and related structures from outside the body. It may be used to examine the prostate gland for evidence of cancer.


Prostate-Specific Antigen

This test measures the level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in your blood. If your PSA levels start to rise, you may have prostate cancer.


Protein C (Blood)

This test measures the level of protein C in your blood. If you have too little protein C, called a protein C deficiency, it means that your blood may clot too much.


Protein Electrophoresis (Blood)

Protein electrophoresis is a test that measures specific proteins in the blood.


Protein S (Blood)

This test measures levels of protein S, a protein in the blood that helps it to clot.


Prothrombin Time

This test is one of several that looks at how well your blood clots. Your doctor may use this test to help diagnose a blood clotting disorder.


Protoporphyrin (Blood)

The protoporphyrin test is used to diagnose blood abnormalities caused by lead. The test can indicate lead exposure or lead poisoning.


Pulmonary Angiogram  (tests & procedures)

A pulmonary angiogram is aa procedure that uses a combination of contrast dye and X-rays to examine the blood vessels in the lungs and evaluate blood flow to the lungs.


Pulmonary Function Tests  (tests & procedures)

Pulmonary function tests measure how well your lungs are functioning and are used to help diagnose certain lung disorders.


Quantitative Immunoglobulins

This test measures the amount of antibodies called immunoglobulins in your blood. The test can tell whether you are lacking in one or more of these antibodies.


Quantitative Influenza Antibody (Nasal or Throat Swab)

This test checks for influenza antibodies in a sample of secretions from your nose or throat.


Radical Prostatectomy  (tests & procedures)

A prostatectomy is a surgical procedure for the partial or complete removal of the prostate. It may be performed to treat prostatic cancer or benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH).


Radionuclide Angiogram, Resting  (tests & procedures)

During this procedure, a small amount of radioactive substance is injected into the vein. Its progress through the heart is then traced with a special camera.


Radionuclide Angiogram, Resting and Exercise  (tests & procedures)

During this procedure, a small amount of radioactive substance is injected into the vein. Its progress through the heart is then traced with a special camera to evaluate heart function. Doing this during rest and exercise assists the physician in comparing the differences in heart activity.


Rapid Detection of Respiratory Syncytial Virus

This test looks at cells taken from fluid in your nose or throat to see if you have respiratory syncytial virus, which attacks the upper respiratory tract.


Rapid Influenza Antigen (Nasal or Throat Swab)

This test is quickly checks for signs of the influenza virus in a sample of secretions from your nose or throat.


Rapid Plasma Reagin

This test looks for signs of syphilis, a sexually transmitted disease that can cause serious health problems if untreated.


Red Blood Cell Antibody

This test looks for antibodies to red blood cells (RBCs) in your blood. These antibodies can cause problems during blood transfusions or, if you're pregnant, with your unborn baby.


Renal Angiogram  (tests & procedures)

A renal angiogram, also called an arteriogram, is an x-ray image of the blood vessels of the kidneys.


Renal Venogram  (tests & procedures)

A renal venogram is a procedure in which contrast dye is combined with X-rays to examine the veins that carry blow away from the kidneys. It is often nused in conjunction with fluoroscopy.


Retic Count

This test measures the number of reticulocytes in your blood. It can be used to diagnose anemia and find out why you have a disease.


Retrograde Cystography  (tests & procedures)

Retrograde cystography is a procedure in which contrast dye is combined with X-rays to examine a bladder after abdominal trauma, or to find other bladder conditions such as tumors, blood clots, or diverticula.


Retrograde Pyelogram  (tests & procedures)

A retrograde pyelogram is a type of x-ray that uses dye to highlight the bladder, ureters, and renal pelvis, and is usually performed during a procedure called cystoscopy.


Rh Typing

Rh typing is very important during pregnancy. If you are Rh negative and your baby is Rh positive, you may have an Rh incompatibility.


Rheumatoid Factor (Blood)

This test measures the level of a substance called rheumatoid factor in your blood. It helps your doctor find out whether you have rheumatoid arthritis.


Right Heart Catheterization

A right heart catheterization is performed to determine how well the heart is pumping and to measure the pressures in the heart and lungs.


Right Heart Catheterization with Heart Tissue Biopsy

Right heart catheterization with heart tissue biopsy is a procedure in which tissue samples are taken directly from the heart muscle. This procedure may be done in addition to a right heart cath to see if the heart tissue is normal.


Robotic Cardiac Surgery

Robotic cardiac surgery is a form of heart surgery performed through tiny incisions in the chest. Thanks to the use of tiny instruments and robotic devices, surgeons are able to perform several types of heart surgery in a way that is much less invasive than other types of heart surgery.


Robotic Hysterectomy

Hysterectomy is the surgical removal of a woman's uterus. When this surgery is done through small incisions using a thin, lighted scope with a camera on the end (a laparoscope), it is called a laparoscopic hysterectomy.


Robotic Prostatectomy

Your prostate can be removed several ways. One way is for the surgeon to make several smaller cuts and removing the prostate using a tiny camera and surgical tools. This is called a laparoscopic prostatectomy. When a surgeon uses a robot during the procedure, it's known as a robotic prostatectomy.


Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever (Blood)

This blood test is used to look for antibodies that your body makes to fight Rocky Mountain spotted fever, a serious bacterial infection caused by a tick bite.


Rotator Cuff Repair  (tests & procedures)

If the rotator cuff is injured, it may need to be repaired surgically. This may include shaving off bone spurs that are pinching the shoulder, or repairing torn tendons or muscles.


Rotavirus (Stool)

This stool test is used to diagnose a rotavirus infection, which causes vomiting and diarrhea.


Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass Weight-Loss Surgery

Roux-en-Y gastric bypass is a type of weight-loss surgery that reduces the size of your stomach to a small pouch – about the size of an egg. It does this by stapling off a section of it.


Rubella

This test measures the amount of rubella antibodies in your blood. If you're pregnant, it's especially important to know if you have immunity against this virus.


Rubeola Antibody (Blood)

This test finds out whether you have been exposed to the virus that causes measles, an extremely contagious disease.


Salicylate (Blood)

This test looks for high levels of salicylate, the main ingredient in aspirin. It may be used to diagnose an aspirin overdose or to monitor people taking high doses for arthritis.


Salmonella Culture (Stool)

This test looks for salmonella bacteria in your stool. Having these bacteria in your stool means you have a salmonella infection.


Semen Analysis

This is a series of tests that looks at how healthy your semen and sperm are.


Serotonin

This test is sometimes used to help diagnose carcinoid syndrome, a problem that can occur in people with carcinoid tumors.


Sex Hormone Binding Globulin (Blood)

This test measures the level of SHBG in your blood. It can help find out whether you have abnormal testosterone levels.


Sigmoidoscopy  (tests & procedures)

A sigmoidoscopy is a procedure that allows the physician to examine the lower one-third of the large intestine and is helpful in identifying the causes of diarrhea, abdominal pain, constipation, abnormal growths, and bleeding.


Signal-Averaged Electrocardiogram  (tests & procedures)

During this procedure, the electrical activity of the heart is monitored over a period of several minutes in order to capture abnormal heartbeats which may occur only intermittently.


Sinus X-ray  (tests & procedures)

A sinus x-ray is a type of x-ray used to obtain images of the sinuses - the air-filled cavities lined with mucous membranes located within the bones of the skull.


Sjogren's Antibody (Blood)

This test checks for antibodies that are a sign of Sjögren's syndrome, an autoimmune disease that makes it hard for your glands to produce enough moisture.


Skull Base Surgery

Skull base surgery may be done to remove both benign and cancerous growths, and abnormalities on the underside of the brain, the skull base, or the top few vertebrae of the spinal column.


Sleep Study  (tests & procedures)

A sleep study - or polysomnogram - consists of a number of medical tests performed at the same time during sleep. The tests measure specific sleep characteristics and help to diagnose sleep disorders.


Sodium (Blood)

This test measures how much sodium you have in your blood. Too much or too little can lead to health problems like high blood pressure.


Sodium (Urine)

This test measures the amount of sodium, or salt, in your urine. This test can help your doctor find out whether you have high blood pressure.


Sputum Culture

This test finds out what's causing your lung infection. Sputum, or phlegm, is the mucus that settles in the lower airways of your lungs when you have an infection or a chronic illness.


Stool Culture

This test looks for bacteria, viruses, and other organisms in your stool. This test can help find out what’s causing a digestive tract infection.


Strep Antistreptolysin O Titer (Blood)

This test looks for antibodies that your body made when in fighting off group A Streptococcus bacteria. These bacteria cause strep throat.


Strep Screen (Rapid)

This test looks for bacteria that cause strep throat and scarlet fever. Both of these illnesses are quite contagious.


Sympathectomy

During a sympathectomy, a surgeon cuts or clamps the sympathetic nerve chain runs up and down along your spine. This procedure is used to treat heavy sweating in the palms of the hands, the face, the underarms, and feet, as well as to treat facial blushing and Raynaud phenomenon.


Sympathetic Nerve Blocks for Pain

This therapy targets the sympathetic nervous system, a series of nerves that spread out from your spine to your body to help control several body functions, including blood flow.


T and B Lymphocyte and Natural Killer Cell Profile

This test finds and counts three types of white blood cells in your blood. White blood cells help your body fight off infections and illness.


Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

This test looks for a substance that can appear in your blood if you have hairy cell leukemia.


Tay-Sachs Disease

This test looks for specific genetic changes in a sample of your blood. These genetic mutations cause most cases of Tay-Sachs disease.


Tegretol (Blood)

This test measures the amount of the drug carbamazepine in your blood. Carbamazepine is the generic name of a drug used to treat epilepsy, mania, bipolar disorder, and pain.


Tetanus Antibody

This test looks for tetanus antibody in your blood. If you have been vaccinated for tetanus in the past, this test should show that you have enough antibodies against the disease.


Theophylline

This test measures the level of the medication theophylline in your blood. Having too much of this drug in your body can be life-threatening.


Thoracentesis  (tests & procedures)

Thoracentesis is a procedure in which a needle is inserted through the back of the chest wall to remove fluid or air from between the lungs and the interior chest wall.


Thrombin Time

Thrombin time is a measure of how long the blood's plasma, or the liquid portion of the blood, takes to form a clot.


Thyroid Antibody

This test measures the amount of thyroid antibodies in your blood. The test can help find out whether you have a problem with your thyroid.


Thyroid Antithyroglobulin Antibody

This test looks for antibodies made in response to a protein made by your thyroid. The test can help diagnose thyroid problems, including Hashimoto's thyroiditis.


Thyroid Stimulating Hormone

This test measures your level of TSH, a hormone made by your pituitary. You may need this test if you have symptoms of thyroid problems.


Tilt Table Procedure  (tests & procedures)

This is a diagnostic procedure often used to assess syncope (fainting) by creating changes in posture from lying to standing.


TORCH Panel

The TORCH panel test is used to help diagnose infections that could harm the fetus during pregnancy.


Total and Free Carnitine

This test measures the amount of a substance called carnitine in your blood. Carnitine makes it possible for your body to digest fatty acids.


Total and Free Insulin (Blood)

This test measures two types of insulin in your body: total and free. The test can help diagnose low blood sugar, or hypoglycemia.


Total Bilirubin (Blood)

This test is used to find out how well your liver is working. A small amount of bilirubin in your blood is normal. Too much may be a sign of liver disease.


Total Copper (Blood)

This test measures the amount of copper in your blood. Too little or too much copper can cause health problems.


Total Protein and A/G Ratio

This test measures the amount of protein in your blood. It can help your doctor find out if you have liver disease or nephrotic syndrome.


Total Testosterone

This test measures the level of testosterone in your blood. Both men and women produce this hormone.


Toxoplasma Gondii (Amniotic Fluid)

This test looks for a parasite that can infect an unborn child. A pregnant woman can pick up this parasite by eating undercooked meat, drinking contaminated water, or handling cat feces.


Toxoplasma Gondii Antibody

This test looks for antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) infection in your blood.


Transesophageal Echocardiogram  (tests & procedures)

A transesophageal echocardiogram uses sound wave (ultrasound) technology to examine heart function. By inserting a probe with a transducer down the esophagus rather than placing the transducer on the chest, physicians get a clearer image of the heart because the sound waves do not have to pass through skin, muscle, or bone tissue.


Transferrin

This test measures the amount of the protein transferrin in your blood. Levels of tranferrin tell your doctor about the iron supply in your body.


Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP)  (tests & procedures)

A transurethral resection of the prostate is a surgical procedure that uses a tiny instrument to remove portions of the prostate gland through the penis, requiring no external incision.


Trichomonas Vaginalis (Discharge)

This test looks for a parasite that causes the sexually transmitted disease trichomoniasis. It can cause complications during pregnancy.


Tricyclic Antidepressant Screen

This test is used to check a sample of blood or urine for tricyclic antidepressants. Although these drugs can be helpful in normal doses, taking too much can be fatal.


Triglycerides

This test measures the amount of triglycerides in your blood. This test is part of a group of cholesterol and blood fat tests called a fasting lipoprotein panel, or lipid panel.


Troponin

This test measures the amount of the protein troponin in your blood. It can tell your doctor whether you are having a heart attack.


Trypsin (Blood)

This test measures levels of trypsin in your blood to see if you have pancreatitis.


Trypsin/Chymotrypsin (Stool)

This test looks for two enzymes from the pancreas, to find out how well the pancreas is working. This test is used for people with cystic fibrosis.


Tubal Ligation

Tubal ligation is surgical procedure you may choose if you are an adult woman and you do not want to get pregnant in the future. You may have heard tubal ligation referred to as "getting your tubes tied."


Two-Hour Postprandial Glucose

This blood test checks for diabetes. It is done after you eat a meal, so your doctor can see how your body responds to the sugar and starch in the food.


Ultrafast Computed Tomography (Ultrafast CT Scan)  (tests & procedures)

Ultrafast CT, or electron-beam computed tomography (EBCT) can take multiple images of the heart within the time of a single heartbeat, and can detect very small amounts of calcium within the heart and the coronary arteries.


Uniparental Disomy

This test is used to see if a child has certain chromosome changes.


Upper Gastrointestinal Series  (tests & procedures)

An upper gastrointestinal series (UGI) is an x-ray examination of the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract, including the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum.


Urea Nitrogen Clearance (Urine)

This test measures the amount of urea nitrogen in your urine. The test can help diagnose kidney problems.


Uric Acid (Blood)

This test measures the amount of uric acid in your blood. Too much uric acid can cause gout or kidney stones.


Uric Acid (Synovial Fluid)

This test measures the amount of uric acid in the fluid of your joints. The test can help your doctor find out if you have gout, a type of arthritis.


Uric Acid (Urine)

This test is used to find out whether you have gout. It can also be used to monitor you during cancer treatment and to check your urine after you've had a kidney stone.


Urine Cytology

This test looks at a sample of your urine to see if it contains abnormal cells. The test is used to diagnose cancers of the urinary tract, including cancers of the kidney, bladder, ureter, and urethra.


Urine Protein (Dipstick)

This test checks the amount of protein in your urine. Too much protein can be a sign of dehydration, kidney disease, or other health issues.


Uroflowmetry  (tests & procedures)

Uroflowmetry is a quick, simple diagnostic screening test that is commonly performed to determine if there is obstruction to normal urine outflow.


Uterine Artery Embolization  (tests & procedures)

This procedure, also be referred to as uterine fibroid embolization (UFE), is a minimally-invasive surgery that involves identifying which arteries supply blood to the fibroids and then blocking off those arteries.


Valvuloplasty  (tests & procedures)

During a valvuloplasty, a catheter is threaded through a vein to the heart where a balloon is used to open a stiff valve. Once opened, the balloon and catheter are removed.


Varicella-Zoster Virus Antibody

This test looks for antibodies in your blood that your body makes against the varicella-zoster virus. The virus causes chickenpox and shingles.


Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor

This test measures the amount of a substance in your body that helps new blood vessels form. The test can help monitor cancer treatment.


Vascular Studies  (tests & procedures)

Vascular studies use ultrasound (sound wave) technology to assess the flow of blood in arteries and veins in the arms, legs, and neck.


Vasectomy

Vasectomy is surgical procedure you may choose if you are a man and you do not want to father any more children. The word "vasectomy" comes from the two tubes called the "vas deferens" that are cut during the operation.


VDRL (CSF)

This test looks for signs of neurosyphilis in your cerebrospinal fluid. Neurosyphilis happens when syphilis isn't treated and spreads to the spinal cord and brain.


Venogram  (tests & procedures)

A combination of contrast dye and X-rays are used to visualize the veins in the legs in order to diagnose deep vein thrombosis and other conditions.


Vertebroplasty

Vertebroplasty is a procedure in which a special medical-grade cement mixture is injected into a fractured vertebra


Viral Culture

This test checks to see whether an infection is caused by a bacterium or a virus. It can also tell which specific virus is causing your infection.


Virtual Colonoscopy for Cancer Screening


Vitamin B12 and Folate

This test measures the levels of vitamin B12 and folate in your blood. You may have low B12 levels if you have pernicious anemia.


Vitamin D

Vitamin D is especially important for bone health. If you have low levels of this vitamin, you may be at risk for osteoporosis or other bone problems.


VLDL Cholesterol

This test measures the amount of very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) in your blood.


Von Willebrand Panel

This test is used to diagnose von Willebrand disease, a bleeding disorder that causes excessive bleeding after minor injuries.


West Nile Virus Antibody (Blood)

This is a blood test that checks for West Nile virus, an infection that usually affects birds. It can be spread to people through the bite of an infected mosquito.


Western Equine Encephalitis

This tests looks for the virus that causes Western equine encephalitis, an infection spread to people through bites from infected mosquitoes.


White Blood Cell (Stool)

This test looks for white blood cells in your stool. This can help your doctor figure out what's causing inflammatory diarrhea.


White Cell Count

This test measures the number of white blood cells in your blood. When you get sick, your white blood cell count is higher than normal because your body is releasing more of these cells to fight the infection.


Wound Culture

This test looks for bacteria or other organisms in a wound. The test is used to find out if a wound is infected. It can also identify the type of organism that's causing the infection.


X-rays of the Extremities  (tests & procedures)

This procedure is often used as the first step in diagnosing injuries of the extremities, but may also be used to evaluate other problems involving the bones and/or soft tissues.


X-rays of the Skull  (tests & procedures)

X-rays of the skull may be performed to diagnose fractures of the bones of the skull, birth defects, tumors, and certain disorders that cause bone defects of the skull. Skull X-rays may also be used to evaluate the nasal sinuses and detect calcifications within the brain.


X-rays of the Spine, Neck, or Back  (tests & procedures)

This procedure may be used to diagnose back or neck pain, fractures or broken bones, arthritis, degeneration of the disks, tumors, or other problems.


Yersinia (Stool)

This test checks for an infection from the bacteria. This infection is also called yersiniosis.