• Discuss the indications and contra-indications for endodontic surgery.
• Describe the various endodontic surgical procedures.
• Describe and discuss the various root end filling materials with regards to their ease of use, biocompatibity, sealing ability, and success.
• Describe and discuss the advantages and disadvantages of in vitro techniques for measuring leakage of retrograde filling materials.
• Describe and discuss the various endodontic flap designs with regards  to technique, indications, and contra-indications.
• Discuss the prognosis of endodontic surgery with regards to
  • Differences between various clinical studies
  • Length of post operative evaluation
  • Radiographic vs clinical succcess
  • Pre-operative status of the canal space: Obturated vs unobturated
  • Surgical procedure performed
    
• Discuss surgical access as it regards to soft and hard tissue management.
• Discuss periradicular curettage, root- end resection, and root-end preparation with regards to:
  • Need for procedure
  • Various techniques
  • Materials and instruments used
• Discuss closure of the surgical site with regards to: Suture material, needle types, suturing techniques.
• Discuss methods for hemostasis during endodontic surgical procedure, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the various techniques.

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Selim HA, El Deeb ME, Messer HH.  Blood loss during endodontic surgery.
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Harrison JW, Jurosky KA.  Wound healing in the tissues of the periodontium
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Craig KR, Harrison JW. Wound healing following demineralization of       
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Mehlhaff DS, Marshall JG, Baumgartner JC.  Comparison of ultrasonic
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Morgan LA, Marshall JG.  The topography of root ends resected with fissure burs
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Gagliani M, Taschieri S, Molinari R.  Ultrasonic root-end preparation: influence of
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Morgan LA, Marshall JG.  A scanning electron microscopic study of in vivo
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Kim S, Kratchman S.  Modern endodontic surgery concepts and practice:
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von Arx T, Hanni S, Jensen SS.  Correlation of bone defect dimensions with
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