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Pulpal Physiology - Classic Literature
Postgraduate Endodontics, October 31, 2007

Objectives:

  1. Discuss theories of sensitivity of the pulp-dentin complex.
  2. Discuss the function of cellular and non-cellular components of the pulp-dentin complex
  3. Discuss the hemodynamics of the pulp. Describe the pulpal microvasculature system.
  4. Reading Assignment:
    All – Pathways of the Pulp pp. 460-507

    1.         Beveridge EE, Brown AC. The measurement of human dental intrapulpal pressure         and its response to clinical variables. Oral Surg 1965;19:655.
    2.         Zach L, Cohen G. Pulp responses to externally applied heat. Oral Surg 1965;19:515.
    3.         Upthegrove DD, Bishop JG, Dorman HL. Indirect determination of the blood    pressure in the dental pulp. Arch Oral Biol 1968;13:929-935.
    4.         Van Hassel HJ. Physiology of the human dental pulp. Oral Surg 1971;32:126-134.
    5.         Edwall L, Scott D. Influence of changes in microcirculation on the excitability of             the sensory unit in the tooth of the cat. Acta Physiol Scand 1971;82:555-566.
    6.         Andrews SS, Van Hassel HJ, Brown AC. A method of determining the             physiologic basis of pulp sensory response. J Hosp Dent Prac 1972;6:49-53.
    7.         Menke RA, Weine FS, Ulinski PS, Smulson MH. An autoradiographic             demonstration of trigeminal nerve terminations in the rat tooth. Journal of   Endodontics 1977;3(4):128 - 134.
    8.         Forssell-Ahlberg K, Edwall L. Influence of local insults on sympathetic vasoconstrictor control in feline dental pulp. Acta Odont Scand 1977;35:103-110.
    9.         Tonder KH. Nervous control of blood flow in the dental pulp in dogs. Acta       Physiol Scand 1978;104:13-23.
    10.       Pashley DH. The influence of dentin permeability and pulpal blood flow on pulpal solution concentrations. J  Endodon 1979;5:355 - 361.
    11.       Edwall L. Regulation of pulpal blood flow. J Endodon 1980;5:434-437.
    12.       Meyer MW. Methodologies for studying pulpal hemodynamics. J Endodon       1980;6:466-472.
    13.       Gazelius B, Brodin E, Olgart L, Panopoulos P. Evidence that substance P is a    mediator of antidromic vasodilation using somatostatin as a relesase ihibitor. Acta    Physiol Scand 1981;113:155-159.
    14.       Tonder KJH, Kvinnsland I. Micropuncture measurements of interstitial fluid       pressure in normal and inflamed dental pulp in cats. Journal of Endodontics         1983;9(3):105 - 109.
    15.       Kim S, Edwall L, Trowbridge H, Chien S. Effects of local anesthetics on pulpal             blood flow in dogs. J Dent Res 1984;63:650-652.
    16.       Gronblad M, Liesi P, Munck AM. Peptidergic nerves in human tooth pulp. Scand         J Dent Res 1984;92:319-324.
    17.       Kim S. Microcirculation of the dental pulp in health and disease. J          Endodon 1985;11(11):465-471.
    18.       Trowbridge HO. Review of dental pain - histology and physiology. J Endodon   1986;12(10):445-452.
    19.       Brannstrom M. The hydrodynamic theory of dentinal pain: Sensation in preparations, caries, and the dentinal crack syndrome. J Endodon   1986;12(10):453-457.
    20.       Olgart L, Gazelius B, Sundstrom F. Intradental nerve activity and jaw-   opening reflex in response to mechanical deformation of cat teeth. Acta Physiol   Scand 1988;133:399-406.
    21.       Heyeraas KJ. Pulpal hemodynamics and interstitial fluid pressure: balance of      transmicrovascular fluid transport. Journal of Endodontics 1989;15(10):468 - 472.
    22.       Okabe E, Todoki K, Haruo I. Direct pharmacological action of vasoactive        substances on pulpal blood flow: an analysis and critique. Journal of Endodontics      1989;15(10):473 - 477.
    23.       Kim S, Kim JD. Hemodynamic regulation of the dental pulp in a low      compliance environment. J Endodon 1989;15(9):404-408.
    24.       Olgart LM, Edwall B, Gazelius B. Neurogenic mediators in control of pulpal blood flow. J Endodon 1989;15(9):409-412.
    25.       Wakisaka S, Akai M. Immunochistochemical observation on neuropeptides      around the blood vessel in feline dental pulp. Journal of Endodontics       1989;15(9):413 - 416.
    26.       Kim S, Dorscher-Kim JE, Lipowsky HH. Quantitative assessment of    microcirculation in the rat dental pulp in response to alpha- and beta-adrenergic             agonists. Arch Oral Biol 1989;34(9):707-712.
    27.       Wakisaka S. Neuropeptides in the dental pulp: distribution, origins, and             correlation. J Endodon 1990;16(2):67-69.
    28.       Takahashi K. Changes in the pulpal vasculature during inflammation. Journal of Endodontics 1990;16(2):92 - 97.
    29.       Byers MR, Taylor PE, Khayat BG, Kimberly CL. Effects of injury and inflammation on pulpal and periapical nerves. J Endodon 1990;16:78-84.
    30.       Kim S. Neurovascular interactions in the dental pulp in health and          inflammation. J Endodon 1990;16(2):48-53.
    31.       McClanahan SB, .Turner DW, Kaminski EJ, Osetek EM, .Heuer MA. Natural             modifiers of the inflammatory process in the human dental pulp. J Endodon         1991;17(12):589-593.
    32.       Nagata T, Kido J, Hamasaki A, Ishida H, Wakano Y. Regulation of      glycosaminoglycan synthesis by parathyroid hormone and prostaglandin E2 in           cultured dental pulp cells. J Endodon 1991;17(12):594-597.
    33.       Peckham K, Torabinejad M, Peckham N. The presence of nerve fibres in the    coronal odontoblast layer of teeth at various stages of root development. Int Endod J 1991;24(6):303-307.
    34.       Morse R. Age-related changes of the dental pulp complex and their relationship to         systemic aging. Oral Surg 1991;72(6):721.
    35.       Goodis HE, Rosenberg RJ. Histologic evaluation of the pulpal response to         temperature probe placement in the Macaca fascicularis  monkey. Oral Surg            1991;72(1):105-107.
    36.       Ramsay DS. Orthognathic surgery and pulpal blood flow: A pilot study using     laser doppler flowmetry. J Oral Surg 1991;49:564-570.
    37.       Ibricevic H, Heyeraas KJ, Pasicjuhas E, Hamamdzic M, Djordjevic N, Krnic J.            Identification of alpha2 adrenoceptors in the blood vessels of the dental pulp. Int           Endod J 1991;24:279-289.
    38.       Gilbert TG, Pashley DH, Anderson RW. Response of pulpal blood flow to intra-           arterial infusion of endothelin. J Endodon 1992;18(5):228 - 231.
    39.       Plagmann H, L., Mascres C, Donohue WB. Reaction of the dental pulp to         hydroxyapatite. Oral Surg 1992(January):92-98.
    40.       Grutzner EH, Garry MG, Hargreaves KM. Effect of injury on pulpal levels        of immunoreactive substance P and calcitonin gene-related peptide. J Endodon        1992;18(11):553-557.
    41.       Watson ADM, Pittford TR, McDonald F. Blood flow changes in the dental pulp            during limited exercise measured by laser Doppler flowmetry. Int Endod J        1992;25:82-87.
    42.       Bartold PM, Schlagenhauf U. Localization of chondroitin sulphate and   dermatan sulphate in human dental pulps an immunohistochemical study. Int             Endod J 1995;28:19-24.
    43.       Ciucchi B, Bouillaguet S, Holz J, Pashley D. Dentinal fluid dynamics in   human teeth, in vivo. J Endodon 1995;21(4):191-194.
    44.       Ebihara A, Tokita Y, Izawa T, Suda H. Pulpal blood flow assessed by laser      doppler flowmetry in a tooth with a horizontal root fracture. Oral Surg         1996;81(2):229-33.
    45.       Calland J, Harris S, Carnes D, Jr. Human pulp cells respond to calcitonin          gene-related peptide in vitro. J Endodon 1997;23(8):485-489.
    46.       Oikarinen K, Kainulainen V, Sarkela V, Alaniska K, Kopola H. Information of             circulation from soft tissue and dental pulp by means of pulsatile reflected light.       Oral Surg 1997;84(3):315-320.
    47.       Musselwhite J, Klitzman B, Maixner W, Burkes E. Laser doppler flowmetry. Oral         Surg 1997;84(4):411-419.
    48.       Mendez J, Zarzoza E. Rapid determination of dry weight in human dental pulp by           a colorimetric reaction. J Endodon 1999;25(9):596-598.
    49.       Kanjanawattana S, Mangkornkarn C, Wilairat P, Vongsavan N.           Determination   of lidocaine in dental pulp by high-performance liquid chromatography. J        Endodon 2001;27(1):31-35.
    50.       Satoyoshi M, Kawata A, Koizumi T, Inoue K, Itohara S, Teranada T, et al. Matrix       metalloproteinase-2 in dentin matrix mineralization. J Endodon 2001;27(7):462-           466.
    51.       Mjor I, Sveen O, Heyeraas K. Pulp-dentin biology in restorative dentistry.  Part 1:        normal structure and physiology. Quintessence Int 2001;32(6):427-446.
    52.       Holt K, Eleazer P, Scheetz J. Wet and dry deep cavity preparations compared by a      novel odontoblast culture technique. J Endodon 2001;27(2):103-106.
    53.       Jiang J, Safavi KE, Spangberg L, Zhu Q. Enamel Matrix derivative        prolongs primary osteoblast growth. J Endodon 2001;27(2):110-112.
    54.       Chang Y-C, Lai C-C, Yang S-s, Chan Y, Hsieh Y-S. Stimulation of matrix       metalloproteinases by black-pigmented bacteroides in human pulp and          periodontal ligament cell cultures. J Endodon 2002;28(2):90-93.
    55.       Hargreaves K, Jackson D, Bowles W. Adrenergic regulation of capsaicin-        sensitive neurons in dental pulp. J Endodon 2003;29(6):397-398.
    56.       Satchell PG, Gutmann JL, Witherspoon DE. Apoptosis: an introduction for the endodontist. Int Endod J 2003;36:237-245.
    57.       Espina AI, Castellanos AV, Fereira JL. Age-related changes in blood capillary endothelium of human dental pulp: an ultrastructural study. Int Endod J       2003;36:395-403.
    58.       Ikawa M, Komatsu H, Ikawa K, Mayanagi H, Shimauchi H. Age-related          changes in the human pulpal blood flow measured by laser doppler flowmetry.        Dent     Traumatol 2003;19:36-40.
    59.       Yu CY, Boyd NM, Cringle SJ, Su E-N, Yu D-Y. Vasoactive response of isolated        pulpal arterioles to endothelin-1. J Endodon 2004;30(3):149-153.
    60.       Tokuda M, Miyamoto R, Nagaoka S, Torii M. Substance P enhances expression          of lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory factors in dental pulp cells. J 616  Endodon 2004;30(11):770-774.
    61.       Kim Y-K, Chu Ws, Lee H-J, Ahn D-K, Kim SK. Effect of iontophoretical application of NK1 receptor antagonists on pulpal blood flow in cats. J Endodon. 2005;31(9):647-51.

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