At the completion of this seminar each resident should;

• be familiar with the anatomy of deciduous teeth
• be able to compare pulpal histology of deciduous and permanent  teeth
• know the indications/contraindications for indirect and direct pulp cap as well as pulpotomy and pulpectomy
• be familiar with the materials and techniques used in pulpotomy and pulpectomy of deciduous teeth
• be familiar with the differences between permanent and deciduous teeth in regards to periradicular and furcal pathology
• be familiar with the effects of endodontically treated deciduous teeth on the permanent teeth
• be familiar with the treatment of traumatized deciduous teeth
• be familiar with the effects of trauma to deciduous teeth on the permanent successors
  
              Hibbard ED, Ireland RL.  Morphology of the root canals of primary molar teeth.  J Dent Child 1957;24:250

            Matsumiya S.  Experimental pathological study on the effect of treatment of infected root canals in the deciduous tooth on growth of the permanent tooth germ. Int Dent J 1968;18:546

            Rolling E, Thylstrup A. A three year clinical follow up study of pulpotomized primary molars treated with the formacresol technique. Scand J Dent Res 1975;83:47

            Fox AG, Heeley JD.  Histological study of human primary teeth.                        Arch Oral Bio 1980;25:202

            Georig AC, Camp JH.  Root canal treatment in primary teeth: A review.  Pediat Dent 1983;5:33

            Coll JA.  Evaluation of a one appointment formocresol                                        pulpectomy technique for primary molars.  Pediat Dent                                               1983;7:123
           
            Ranley DM.  Assessment of the systemic distribution and                                  toxicity of formaldehyde following pulpotomy treatment. I.  J                                     Dent Child 1985;52:431

            Mulder GR, van Amerongen WE, Vingerling DA.  Consequences of endodontic treatment of primary teeth II.  A clinical investigation into the influence of formocresol pulpotomy on the permanent successor.  J Dent Child 1987;54:35

            Rengelstein E, Slow WK.  The prevalence of furcation foramina                        in primary molars.  Pediat Dent 1989;11:198

            Friedberg BH, Gartner LP.  Embryotoxicity and teratogenicity of formocresol and developing chick embryos.  J Endodon 1990;16:434

Yacobi R.  Evolving primary pulp therapy techniques.  JADA 1991;12:83

            Holan G, Topf J, Fuks AB.   Effect of root canal infection and treatment of traumatized primary incisors on their permanent successors.  Endod Dent Traumatol 1992;8:12

            Waterhouse PF.  Formocresol and alternative primary molar                             pulpotomy medicaments: a review.  Endod Dent Traumatol                          1995;11:157

            Coll J, Sadrian R.  Predicting pulpectomy success and its                                  relationship to exfoliation and succedaneous dentition.  Pediat                     Dent 1996;18(1):57-63

            Borum MK, Andreasen JO.  Sequelae of trauma to primary maxillary    incisors.  I.  Complications in the primary dentition.  Endod Dent Traumatol          1998;14:31

            Eidelman E, Holan G, Fuks A.  Mineral trioxide aggregate vs. formocresol         in pulpotomized primary molars: a preliminary report.  Pediatr Dent 2001;23:15-18

            American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.  Guideline on pulp therapy for primary and young permanent teeth.  Pediat Dent. Jan 2004:115-119

            American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry.  Clinical management of acute dental trauma.  Pediat Dent. Jan 2004:120-127

            Burns and Cohen. Pathways of the Pulp.  9th edition.  2005 pp 822-882.

Optional

            Buckley JP.  Practical therapeutics.  The Dental Review 1904
            Sept 1193-1197

            Sweet CA.  Procedure for the treatment of exposed and                                    pulpless deciduous teeth.  JADA 1930;17:1150

            Massler M, Mansukhani H.  Effects of formocresol on the dental
            pulp.  J Dent Child 1959;26:277

            Rabinowitch BZ.  Pulp management in primary teeth.  Oral Surg 1953 6:542

            Doyle WA, McDonald RE, Mitchell DF.  Formocresol versus                              calcium hydroxide in pulpotomy.  J Dent Child 1962;29:86

            Moss SJ, Addleston H.  Histologic study of the pulpal floor of                             deciduous molars.  JADA  1965;70:372

            Aponte AJ, Hartsook JT, Crowley MC.  Indirect pulp capping                             success verified.  J Dent Child 1966;33:164

            Frankel SN.  Pulp therapy in pedodontics.  Oral Surg                                          1972;34:293

            Berk A, Krakow AA.  A comparison of the management of pulpal                     pathosis in deciduous and permanent teeth.  Oral Surg                                         1972;34:944

            Longwill DJ, Marshall FJ, Creamer JR.  Reactivity of human                              lymphocytes to pulp antigens.  J Endod 1972;8:27

            Frigoletto RT.  Pulp therapy in pedodontics.  JADA                                             973;86:1344

            Magnuson BO.  Pulpotomy in primary molars: long term clinical and histological evaluation. Int Endod J 1980;13:143

            Aylard Sr, Johnson R.  Assessment of filling techniques for                                primary teeth.  Pediat Dent 1987;9(3):195

            Myers Dr, Battenhouse MR, Barenie JT, McKinney RV, Singh B. Histopathology of furcation lesions associated with pulp degeneration in primary molars.  Pediat Dent 1987;9(4):279

            Coll JA.  An evaluation of pulpal therapy in primary incisors.                               Pediat Dent 1988;10(3):178

            Ranley DM, Horn D.  Distribution, metabolism, and excretion of                        [14C] gluteraldehyde. J Endod 1990;16(3):135

            Sun HW, Feigal RJ, Messer HH.  Cytotoxicity of gluteraldehyde                        and formaldehyde in relation to time of exposure and                                          concentration.  Pediat Dent 1990;12(5):303

            Barr ES, Flantz CM, Hicks MJ.  A retrospective radiographic
            evaluation of primary molar pulpectomies.  Pediat Dent                                      1991;13(1):4

            Dandashi MB.  An in vitro comparison of three endodontic                                 techniques for primary incisors.  Pediat Dent 1993;15(4):253

            Sadrian R, Coll J.  A long-term followup on the retention rate                              of zinc oxide filler after primary tooth pulpectomy.  Pediat                          Dent 1993;5:253

            Ranley DM.  Pulpotomy therapy in primary teeth:new molalities
            for old rationales.  Pediat Dent 1994;16(6):403

            Rimondini L, Baroni C.  Morphologic criteria for root canal                                 treatment of primary molars undergoing resorption.   Endod                              Dent Traumatol 1995;11;136

            Salako N, Joseph B, Ritwik P, Salonen J, John P, Junaid TA.  Comparison of bioactive glass, mineral trioxide aggregate, ferric sulfate and formocresol as pulpotomy agents in rat molar. Dent Traumatol 2003:19:314-320