CLASSIC ENDODONTIC LITERATURE
INTRA-CANAL MEDICAMENTS
TEMPORARY RESTORATIONS
WINTER 2006

OBJECTIVES:
Following this literature section the graduate student should be able to describe and discuss with appropriate citation of the literature:

1. The antimicrobial effects of the various endodontic medicaments.
2. The analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects if any of the various endodontic medicaments.
3. The inflammatory effects if any of the various endodontic medicaments.
4. The mechanism of action of the various endodontic medicaments.
5. The appropriate dosage if known of the various intra-canal medicaments.
6. The rationale for the use of the various endodontic intra-canal medicaments.
7. Know  what the heck Cavit is.
8. Be familiar with the various materials utilized in the past and present and their advantages and disadvantages.
9. Be  familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of the various methods of  studying leakage.
10. Be familiar with the guidelines for optimal thickness of temporary restorations.
11. Develop a  rationale for your particular choice of material(s) and usages.
12. Think about future areas of investigation and research of temporary materials.

Intracanal Medications

            Bystrom A, Claesson R, Sundqvist, G.  The antibacterial effect of camphorated paramonochlorophenol, camphorated phenol and calcium hydroxide in the treatment            of infected canals.  Endod Dent Traumatol. 1985;1:170-175.           

            Allard U, Stromberg U,  Stromberg T. Endodontic treatment of experimentally induced apical periodontitis in dogs.  Endodon Dent Traumatol. 1987;3:240-244. 

            Hasselgren G, Reit C.  Emergency pulpotomy: Pain relieving effect with ab     and without the use of sedative dressings.  J Endodon. 1989;15:254-256. 

            Trope M.  Relationship of intracanal medicaments to endodontic flare-ups. Endod Dent Traumatol 1990;6:226-229.

            Sjogren U, Figdor D, Spangberg L, Sundqvist G. The antimicrobial effect of calcium hydroxide as a short-term intracanal dressing. Int Endo J.1991;24:119-125.

            Sato I, Anddo-kurihara N, Kota K, Iwaku M, Hoshino E. Sterilization of infected root-canal dentine by topical application of a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline in situ. Int Endodon J. 1996;29:118-124.    

            Doran MG, Radtke PK. A review of endodontic medicaments. Gen Dent 1998;46:484-488.

            Barthel CR, Zimmer S, West G, Roulet JF.  Bacterial leakage in obturated root canals following the use of different intracanal medicaments.  Endodo Dent Traumatol 2000;16:282-286

            Molander A, Dahlen G.  Evaluation of the antibacterial potential of tetracycline of erythromycin mixed with calcium hydroxide as intracanal dressing against Enterococcus faecalis in vivo.  Oral Surg 2003;96:744

            Basrani B, Tjaderhane L, Santos J, Pascon E, etal.  Efficacy of chlorhexidine- and calcium hydroxide-containing medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis in vitro.  Oral Surg 2003;96:618

            Gomes B, Sato E, Ferraz C, Teixeira F, Zaia A, Souza-Filho F.  Evaluation of time required for recontamination of coronally sealed canals medicated with calcium hydroxide and chlorhexidine.  Int Endodon J 2003;36:604

            Walton R, Holton I, Michelich R.  Calcium hydroxide as an intracanal medication:effect on posttreatment pain. J Endodon 2003;10:627

            Ribeiro D, Marques M, Salvadori D.  Lack of genotoxicity of formocresol, paramonochlorophenol, and calcium hydroxide on mammalian cells by comet assay.  J Endodon 2004;8:593

            Torres C.  Intracanal placement of calcium hydroxide: A comparison of techniques, revisited.  J Endodon 2004;4:225

            Johnson, JJ.  Comparison of PBR and Shinerbock  mixed with armadillo extract  on Enterococcus longhornis.  J Txs Endo Soc 2006;1:1

Temporary Restorations

            Webber, RT, delRio CE, Brady JM, Segall RO.  Sealing quality of a temporary filling material.  Oral Surg;46:123-13.

            Blaney TD, Peters DD, Setterstrom J, Bernier WE.  Marginal sealing quality of IRM and Cavit assessed by microbial penetration. J Endodon 1981;7:453-457.

            Derkson GD, Pashley DH, Derkson ME. et al; Microleakage measurement of selected restorative materials: a new in vitro method. J Prosth Dent 1986;56:435.

            Bobotis HG, Anderson RW, Pashley DH, Pantera EA. A microleakage study of temporary restorative materials used in endodontics. J Endodon 1989;15:569.

            Turner JE, Anderson RW, Pashley DH, Pantera EA. Microleakage of temporary endodontic restorations in teeth restored with amalgam. J Endodon 1990;16:1.

            Pashley DH.  Clinical considerations of microleakage.  J Endodon 1990; 2:70.

            Deveaux E, Hildelbert P, Neut C, Boniface B, Romond C. Bacterial microleakage of cavit, IRM, and TERM.  Oral Surg 1992; 74:634.

            Beach CW, Calhoun JC, Bramwell JD, Hutter JW, Miller GA. Clinical evaluation of bacterial leakage of endodontic temporary filling materials. J Endodon. 1996;22:459-462.

            Mayer T. Eickholz P.  Microleakage of temporary restorations after thermocycling and mechanical loading.  J Endodon 1997;23:320-322

            Barthel CR, Strobach A, Briedigkeit H, Gobel UB, Roulet JF. Leakage in roots coronally sealed with different temporary fillings.  J Endodon 1999;25:731-537.

            Galvan RR, West LA, Liewehr FR, Pashley DH.  Coronal microleakage of five materials used to create an intracoronal seal in endodontically treated teeth. J Endodon 2002:28:59-61

            Nielson B.  Degratory effects of root beer on Cavit.  A&WDentJ  2006;1:1

Optional

            Maddox DL, Walton RE, Davis CO. Incidence of posttreatment endodontic pain related to medicaments and other factors. J Endodon. 1977;3:447-452.

            Moskow A, Morse DR, Krasner P, Furst ML.  Intracanal use of a corticosteroid solution as an endodontic anodyne.  Oral Surg. 1984; 58:600-604.

            Ohara P,  Torabinejad, M, Kettering JD. Antibacterial effects of various endodontic medicaments on selected anaerobic bacteria. J Endodon 1993;19:498-500.

            Spangberg L, Rutberg M, Rydinge E.  Biologic effects of endodontic antimicrobial    agents. J Endodon. 1979; 5:166-175.

            Hata G, Nishikawa I, Kawazoe S, Toda T.  Systemic distribution of 14C-labeled formaldehyde applied in the root canal following pulpectomy.  J Endodon. 1989;15:539-543.

            Hill SD, Berry CW, Seale NS, Kaga M.  Comparison of antimicrobial and cytotoxic effects of glutaraldehyde and formocresol. Oral Surg 1991;71:89-95.

            Grossman L.  A study of temporary fillings as hermetic sealing materials.  JDR 1939;18:67-71.

            Carman JE, Wallace JA. An in vitro comparison of microleakage of restorative materials in the pulp chambers of human molar teeth. J Endodon 1994;20:571-575.

            Lim KC  Microleakage of intermediate restorative materials. J Endodon 1990;16:116.

            Anderson RW, Powell BJ, Pashley DH.  Microleakage of IRM used to restore endodontic access preparations.  Endod Dent Traumatol 1990; 6:137.

            Barkhordar RA, Kempler D, Watanabe LG.  The effect of endodontic medicaments on the sealing ability of provisional restorative materials.  Quint Int 1997;28:393-396.

            Tewari S, TewariS.  Assessment of coronal microleakage in intermediately restored endodontic access cavities.  Oral Surg 2002;93:716-719

            Jeansonne MJ, White RR. A comparison of 2.0% chlorhexidine gluconate and 5.25% sodium hypochlorite as antimicrobial endodontic irrigants. J Endodon 1994;20:276-278.

            Siqueira JF, de Uzeda M. Intracanal medicaments: evaluation of the antibacterial effects of chlorhexidine, metronidazole, and calcium hydroxide associated with three vehicles.  J Endodon 1997;23:167-169