At the completion of the seminar, each resident should:

• be familiar the histologic growth, development and anatomy of the human dental pulp.
• have knowledge of the pulp cell types and their functions.
• be able to list the neural elements of the pulp, functions and the pain pathways.
• recognize age changes in the pulp and their effect on endodontic diagnosis and treatment.

Reading Assignment:
All – Pathways of the Pulp pp. 460-507
 
            Johnson P. Histogenesis and histochemistry of pulpal calcification. J Dent Res 1956;35(5):714.

            Provenza V. The blood vascular supply of the dental pulp with emphasis on capillary circulation. Circ Res 1958:6:213-218

            Langeland K.  Tissues changes in the dental pulp. Odon Tidskr
            1975;65:133-135

            Saunders R.  X-ray microscopy of the periodontal and dental pulp                                 vessels in the monkey and in man.  Oral Surg 1966;22:503

            Bevelander G, Nakahara H. The formation and mineralization of                                    dentin. Anat Rec 1966;156(3):303.

            Stanley HR, White CL, McCray L. The rate of tertiary (reparative)                               dentine formation in the human tooth. Oral Surg 1966;21:180.

            Harris R, J. GC. Histogenesis of fibroblasts in the human dental pulp. Arch Oral Biol 1967;12:459.

            Ten Cate AR. A histochemical study of the human odontoblast. Arch Oral Biol 1967;12:963.

            Bernick S, Nedelman C.  Effect of aging on the human pulp.  J Endod               1975;1:88

            Bernick S. Lymphatic vessels of the human dental pulp. J Dent Res                    1977;56:70.

            Roane JB, Foreman DW, Melfi RC, Marshall FJ. An ultrastructural                               study of dentinal innervation in the adult human tooth. Oral Surg                                1973;35(1):94-104.

            Gotjamanos T, Swedlow D. Scanning electron microscopy of human                 dental pulp. AOB 1974;19:549.

            Breyan D, Schilder H. An electron microscopic study of collagen
            formation in the dental pulp of the human premolar and rat incisor. Oral Surg 1977;44(3):437-455.

            Lilja J. Innervation of different parts of the predentin and dentin in young human premolars. Acta Odont Scand 1979;37:339-346.

            Tidmarsh, BG. Contents of human dentinal tubules. Int Endod J 1981;14:191-196.

            Vassiliadis L. The amount and distribution of sclerotic human root dentin. Arch Oral Biol 1983;28(7):645-649.
           
            Neilsen CJ, Marshall FJ. Age related changes in reducible crosslinks of human dental pulp collagen. Arch Oral Biol 1983;28:759

            Yamada K, Nakamura M, Fusayama T. The extent of the odontoblast              process in normal and carious human dentin. J Dent Res 1983;62:7.

            Farnoush A. Mast cells in human dental pulp. J Endodon                                               1984;10(6):250-252.

            Fox LT, Senia ES, Zeagler J. Another look at the odontoblast process.                         J Endodon 1984;10(11):538 - 543.

            Thomas HF. Correlation of scanning and transmission electron  
            microscopy of human dentinal tubules. Arch Oral Biol                                                    1984;29(8):641-646.

Foreman PC. Micromorphology of mineralization deposits in the pulps of human teeth. Int Endod J 1984;4(October):183 - 191.

            Mjor,I.  Dentin-predentin complex and its permeability: pathology and               treatment overview.  J Dent Res 1985;64:621

            Fogel HM. Effects of distance from the pulp and thickness on the hydraulic        conductance of human radicular dentin. J Dent Res                                                         1988;67(11):1381.

Mjor IA, Smith MR, Ferrari M, Mannocci F.  The structure of dentine in the apical region of human teeth. Int Endod J 2001;34:346-353
           
Thomas HF. Correlation of scanning and transmission electron microscopy of human dentinal tubules. Arch Oral Biol. 1984;29(8):641-6.

Wakabayashi H, Matsumoto K, Shirasuka T, Funato A, Tsuzuki N. Scanning electron microscopic study of dentin walls of the pulp chamber by a replica technique. Oral Surg. 1988;66(2):236-42.

Fogel HM. Effects of distance from the pulp and thickness on the hydraulic conductance of human radicular dentin. J Dent Res. 1988;67(11):1381.

Holland GR. The effect of pulpectomy on the longitudinal ligament of the ferret. Arch Oral Biol. 1991;36(2):161.

Bartold PM, Moule AJ, Li H, Rigby P. Isolation and characterization of the proteoglycans synthesized by adult human pulp fibroblasts in vitro. Int Endod J. 1995;28:163-71.

Green TL, Walton RE, Taylor JK, Merrell P. Radiographic and histologic periapical findings of root canal treated teeth in cadaver. Oral Surg. 1997;83(6):707-11.

Pantelidou O, Lyroudia K. SEM examination of secondary dentine under and opposite cervical carious lesions. J Endodon. 1997;23(11):680-2.

Zhu Q, Safavi KE, Spangberg LSW. Integrin expression in human cental pulp cells and their role in cell attachment on extracellular matrix proteins. J Endodon. 1998;24(10):641-4.

            Tasman F, Dagdeviren A, Kendir B, Ozcelik B, Atac A, Er N. Endothelial cell adhesion molecule in human dental pulp: A comparative immunohistochemical study on chronic periodontitis. J Endodon. 1999;25(10):664-7.

Martinez EF, de Souza SOM, de Araujo VC. Immunohistochemical localization of tenascin, fibronectin, and type III collagen in human dental pulp. J Endodon. 2000;26(12):708-11.

Shiba H, Nakanishi K, Rashid F, Mizuno N, Hino T, Ogawa T, et al. Proliferative ability and alkaline phosphatase activity with in vivo cellular aging in human pulp cells. J Endodon. 2003;29(1):9-11.

Garcia JMQ, Martins MD, Jaeger RG, Marques MM. Immunolocalization of bone extracellular matrix proteins (type I collagen, osteonectin and bone sialoprotein) in human dental pulp and cultured pulp cells. Int Endod J. 2003;36:404-10.