OBJECTIVES:

Following this literature section the postgraduate student should be able to discuss;

1. The indications and contra-indications for orthodontic extrusion.
2. The techniques involved in orthodontic extrusion.
3. The forces generated during extrusion.
4. The histologic changes occuring during extrusion.
5. The potential problems that may occur during and after extrusion.
    

TEXT REFERENCE: Bakland LK.  Endodontics. Ingel and Bakland eds. BC Decker 2002, 5th ed pgs 809-15.

1973
            *Heithersay, GS.  Combined endodontic-orthodontic treatment of transverse root fractures in the region of the alveolar crest.  Oral Surg 36:404-415. 1973.

1974
            *Batenhorst KF, Bowers GM, Williams JE.  Tissue changes resulting from facial tipping and extrusion of incisors in monkeys.  J Periodon 1974;45:660-8.

1976
            *Ingber, JS.  Forced eruption: part II. a method of treating nonrestorable teeth-periodontal and restorative considerations.  J Perio 47:203-216. 1976.

1977
            Ingber JS, Rose LF, Coslet JG. The biologic width- a concept in periodontics and restorative dentistry.  Alpha Omegan 70:62-65. 1977.

1978
            Simon JHS, Kelly WH, Gordon DG, Ericksen GW.  Extrusion of endodontically treated teeth.  JADA 97:17-23. 1978.
           
1980
            *Simon JHS, Lythgoe JB, Torabinajad M.  Clinical and histologic evaluation of extruded endodontically treated teeth in dogs.  Oral Surg 50:361-371. 1980.

            Ivey, DW.  Orthodontic extrusion: its use in restorative dentistry. J Prosth Dent 43:401-407. 1980.

1981
            Shiloah J. Clinical crown lengthening by vertical root movement. J Pros Dent 45:602-605. 1981.

1982
            Lemon, RR.  Simplified esthetic root extrusion techniques. Oral Surg 54:93-99. 1982.

            *Tuncay, OC and Cunningham, CJ.  T-loop appliance in endodontic-orthodontic interactions.  J Endodon 8:367-369. 1982.

1984
            *Delivanis, PD and Delivanis, HP.  Esthetic solutions in orthodontic extrusion of compromised teeth.  J Endodon 10:221-226. 1984.

            *Turley PK, Joiner MW, Hellstrom S.   The effect of orthodontic extrusion on traumatically intruded teeth.  Amer J Orthodon 85:47-56. 1984.

1986
            *Kozlovsky A, Tal H, Lieberman M. Forced eruption combined with gingival fiberotomy.  J Clin Perio 15:534-538. 1986.

1987
            Pontoriero R, Celenza F, Ricci G, Carnevale G. Rapid extrusion with fiber resection: A combined orthodontic-periodontic treatment modality. Int J Perio & Restor Dent  5:30-43. 1987.

1988
            *Kahnberg K-E.  Surgical extrusion of root-fractured teeth - a follow-up study of two surgical methods.  Endod Dent
Traumatol  1988;4:85-89.

1991
            *Malmgren O, Malmgren B, Frykholm A.  Rapid orthodontic extrusion of crown and cervical root fractured teeth.  Endod Dent Traumatol 7:49-54. 1991.

1999
            Hamilton RS and Gutmann JL. Endodontic-Orthodontic relationships: a review of integrated treatment planning challenges. Int Endo J 32:343-360. 1999.
           
2001
            Sübay RK, Kaya H, Tarim B, Sübay A, Cox C. Response to human pulpal tissue to orthodontic extrusive applications. J Endod 27:508-511. August, 2001.        

OPTIONAL ARTICLES
*Ingber, JS.  Forced eruption: part I.  a method of treating
isolated one and two wall infrabony osseous defects- rationale
and case report. J Perio 45:199-206. 1974.

Ross S,Dorfman HS, Pakanis KG.  Orthodontic extrusion: a multidisciplinary approach. JADA 102:189-191. 1981.

Goldson L, Malmgren O. Orthodontic treatment of traumatized teeth. Traumatic Injuries of the Teeth 2nd Ed:385-417. 1982.

Simon JHS. Root extrusion: rational and techniques. DCNA:
909-921. 1984.

*Benenati, FW and Simon, JHS.  Orthodontic root extrusion: its rationale and uses.  Gen Dent  July/Aug 285-289. 1986.

Wood, DP, et al.  Bonding to porcelain and gold. Amer J Orthodon 89:194-205. 1986.

Biggerstaff RH, Sinks JH, Carazola JL. Orthodontic extrusion and biologic width realignment procedures: methods for reclaiming nonrestorable teeth. JADA 112:345-348. 1986.

Feiglin B.  Problems with the endodontic-orthodontic management of fractured teeth.  Int Endod J  1986;2:57-63.

Artun, J and Aamdal, HMA.  Severe root resorption of fractured maxillary lateral incisor following endodontic treatment and orthodontic extrusion. Endod Dent Traumatol 3:263-267. 1987.

Reis BJ, Johnson GK, Nieborg LG.  Vertical extrusion using a removable orthodontic appliance. JADA 116:521-523. 1988.

Bedman JR, Wise RJ. The role of the orthodontist in management of dental trauma. Orthodontic Dialogue 7:2-5. 1995.

Lovedahl PE. Periodontal management and root extrusion of traumatized teeth. DCNA 39:169-181. 1995.

*Bondmark L, Kurol J, Hallonsten AL, Andreasen JO. Attractive magnets for orthodontic  extrusion of crown-root fractured teeth. J Ortod Dentfac Orthop 112:187-193. 1997.

Çalişkan MK, Turkun M, Gomel M. Surgical extrusion of crown-root-fractured teeth: a clinical review. Int Endo J 32:146-151. 1999.
Çalişkan MK. Surgical extrusion of a cerviacally root-fractured tooth after apexification treatment. J Endod 25(7):509-13. 1999.