GRADUATE ENDODONTOLOGY
FOCAL INFECTION, BACTEREMIA, HOLLOW TUBE THEORY, ANACHORESIS - SPRING, 2006

With the completion of this seminar each resident should:
-be able to describe and discuss the “Theory of Focal Infection”
-understand the consequences of a bacteremia and be intimately familiar with the appropriate prophylactic antibiotic regimen.
-be able to describe and discuss the “Hollow Tube Theory”
-be able to describe and discuss the phenomenon of anachoresis.

All Read: Pathways of the Pulp 9th ed. 599-601

Focal Infection and Bacteremia
1-2       Rosenow EC.  The relation of dental infection to systemic disease. Dental Cosmos 1917;59:485.

2-3       Okell CC, Elliot SD.  Bacteremia and oral sepsis with special reference to the etiology of subacute endocarditis.  Lancet 1935;2:869.

3-4       Fish EW.  Bone infection.  JADA 1939;26(5):691-712.

4-5       Grossman LI.  Focal infection: are oral foci of infection related to systemic disease?  DCNA 1960;4:749.

5-6       Bender IB, Seltzer S, Yermish M.  The incidence of bacteremia in endodontic manipulation. Oral Surg 1960;13(3):353-360.

6-1       Baumgartner JC, Heggers JP, Harrison JW.  The incidence of   bacteremias related to endodontic procedures I. Non-surgical     endodontics.  JEndodon 1976;2(5):135-140.

1-2       Baumgartner JC, Heggers JP, Harrison JW.  Incidence of bacteremias related to endodontic procedures. II Surgical endodontics.  JEndodon 1977;3(10):399-404.

2-3       Williams DG.  The dangers of root canal therapy.  Alternatives 1994;5(8):57-60.

3-4       Debelian GJ, Olsen I, Tronstad L.  Bacteremia in conjunction with endodontic therapy.  Endod Dent Traumatol 1995;11:142-149.

All        Durack, T. Editorial: Antibiotics for Prevention of Endocarditis during Dentistry:Time to Scale back. Ann Int Med 129(10) 829-830, 1998.

4-5       Mattila, K.J. et al. Age, Dental Infections and Coronary Heart Disease. J Dent Res 79:(2)756-760, 2000.

All        Dajani AS, etal.  Prevention of bacterial endocarditis.  JAMA 1997;22:1794-1801.
5-6       Pallasch T, Wahl M. The focal infection theory:  appraisal and reappraisal. CDA 2000;28(3):194-200.

6-1       Murray CA, Saunders WP. Root canal treatment and general health: a review of the literature. Int Endod J 2000;33:1-18.

1-2       Hujoel PP, Drangsholt M, Spiekerman C, DeRouen TA. Periodontal disease and coronary heart disease risk. JAMA 2000;284(11):1406-1410.

2-3       Niederman R, Joshipura K. Cause célébre: oral health and heart disease. Evidence-Based Dentistry 2000;2:59-60.

All        ADA. Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients with total joint replacements. JADA 2003;134(July):895-899.
           
Hollow Tube Theory
3-4       Rickert UG, Dixon CM.  The controlling of root surgery. Trans Eighth Int Dent Congress 1931.

4-5       Goldman M, Pearson AH.  A preliminary investigation of the “hollow tube” theory in endodontics: studies with neotetrazolium.  J Oral Ther      Pharmacol 1965;1:618-626.

5-6       Torneck CD.  Reaction of rat connective tissue to polyethylene tube implants. Part I.  Oral Surg 1966;21:379.

6-1       Torneck CD.  Reaction of rat connective tissue to polyethylene tube implants. Part 2. Oral Surg 1967;24(5):674-683.

Anachoresis
1-2       Gier RE, Mitchel DF.  Anachoretic effect of pulpitis.  J Dent Res 1968;47:564.

2-3       Allard, U. et al. Experimental infections with S. aureus, S. sanguis, P. aeruginosa, and B. fragilis in the jaws of dogs. Oral Surg 48:454-462 1979.

3-4       Delivanis PD, Snowden RB, Doyle RJ.  Localization of blood-borne bacteria in instrumented unfilled root canals.  Oral Surg 1981; 52 (4):430-     432.

4-5       Delivanis PD, Fan VSC.  The localization of blood-borne bacteria in instrumented unfilled and over-instrumented canals.  J Endodon 1984:10(11):521-524.

5-6       Tziafas D.  Experimental bacterial anachoresis in dog dental pulps capped with calcium hydroxide.  J Endodon 1989;15(12):591-595.

6-1       Debelian G, Olsen I, Tronstad L. Systemic diseases caused by oral microorganisms. Endod Dent Traumatol 1994;10(2):57-65

Optional
Meinig, G.  Root Canal Cover-up.  second edition, 1994. (interesting book you all should read at some point)

Hunter, W.  The role of sepsis and antisepsis in medicine.  Lancet 1911;1:79.

Hunter, W.  The role of sepsis and antisepsis in medicine.  Dent Cosmos 1918;60:585.

Appleton JLT.  Bacteriologic control of the treatment of periapical infections.  Dental Items of Interest 1927;49:589-597.

Blaney JR.  The problem of the pulpless tooth as seen by clinical and laboratory investigation.  J  Dent Res 1930;10:425.

Coolidge ED.  The status of pulpless teeth as interpreted by tissue tolerance and repair following root canal filling.  JADA 1933;21:1669

Bartels HA.  The bacteriologist’s view of focal infection.  NY St Dent J 1953;19:199.

Oartel JS.  Focal infection:evidence of the mechanism.  DCNA 1960;4:739.

Bender IB.  Dental procedures in patients with rheumatic heart disease.  Oral Surg 1963;16:466.

Dubrow H.  A method of treating non-vital with radiolucent periapical areas.  NY St Dent J 1964;30:155.

Phillips J.  Connective tissue response to hollow  polyethylene tube implants.  J Can Dent Assoc 1967;33(2);59.

Kennedy GDC, Simpson MS.  The hollow tube controversy.  Brit Endod Soc 1969;3(2):25.

Ehrmann EH.  Are dead teeth a health hazard? Med J Aust 1972;2:378.

Ehrmann EH.  Focal infection-the endodontic point of view.  Oral Surg 1977;44(4):628.

Hunter N.  Focal infection in perspective.  Oral Surg 1977:44(4):626

Wenger JS, Tsaknis PJ, del Rio CE, Ayer WA.  The effects of partially filled polyethylene tube jimplants in rats.  Oral Surg 1978;46(1):88.

Shepherd JP.  Osteomyelitis of the tibia following dento-alveolar abscess.  Brit Dent J 1978;145:267.
Ingham Hr.  Abscesses of the frontal lobe of the brain secondary to covert dental sepsis.  Lancet 1978;2:497.

Baumgartner JC, Plack WF.  Dental treatment and management of a patient with a heart valve.  JADA 1982;104:181.

Torabinejad M, Theofilopoulos AN, Ketering JD, Bakland LK.  Quantitation of circulating immune complexes, immunoglobulins G and M, and C3 complement component in patients with large periapical lesions.  Oral Surg 1983; 55:186.

Guntheroth WG.  How important are dental procedures as a cause of infective endocarditis.  Amer J Cardiol 1984;54:797.

Jaspers MT. Little JW.  Infective endocarditis; a review and update.  Oral Surg 1984;57:606.

Griffin MR.  Infective endocarditis: Olmstead County, Minnesota 1950 to 1981.  JAMA 1985;254:1199.

Leviner E.  Development of resistant oral viridans streptococci after administration of prophylactic antibiotics: time management in the dental treatment of patients susceptible to infective endocarditis.  Oral Surg 1987;64:417.

Baltch AL.  Bacteremia in patients undergoing oral procedures: study following parenteral antimicrobial prophylaxis as recommentde by the American Heart Associaton.  Arch Intern Med 1988;148:1084.

King RC.  Bacteremia following intraoral suture removal.  Oral Surg 1988;65:23.

Durack DT. Antibiotics for prevention of endocarditis during dentistry: time to scale back? Ann Intern Med 1998;129(10):829-831.

Strom BL, Abrutyn E, Berlin JA, Kinman JL, Feldman RS, Stolley PD, et al. Dental and cardiac risk factors for infective endocarditis A population-based, case-control study. Ann Intern Med 1998;129(10):761-769.

Periodontology AAo. Periodontal disease as a potential risk factor for systemic diseases. J Periodontol 1998;69:841-850.

Moles DR, Silva IDS. Causes, associations and evaluating evidence; can we trust what we read? Evidence-Based Dentistry 2000;2:75-78.

Joshipura KJ, Pitiphat W, Hung H-C, Willett WC, Colditz GA, Douglass CW. Pulpal inflammation and incidence of coronary heart disease. J Endodon        2006;32(2):99-103.