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503.494.4248
gradendo@ohsu.edu

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503.494.8867

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Portland, OR 97239

ENDODONTIC CLASSIC LITERATURE
ANTIBIOTICS
September 10, 2008

Objectives:

  • The students will be able to describe the indications and contra-indications for the use of antibiotics for the treatment of infections of endodontic origin.
  • The students will be able to describe a hierarchy of antibiotics for the treatment of infections of endodontic origin.
  • The students will be able to discuss minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics and how to achieve MIC in patients.
  • The students will be able to describe the indications for the use of prophylactic antibiotics as recommended by the American Heart Association.

Abstracts should include: title, authors, purpose, M&M, results, author’s conclusions, & your conclusions. - Critically evaluate the findings.

1. Prevention of Bacterial Endocarditis (Guidelines from the AHA 2008) JADA 2008;139(Jan):3s-24s.
2. Antibiotic prophylaxis for dental patients with total joint replacements. JADA 2003;134(July):895-899
3. Antibiotics Anonymous
4. Pathways of the Pulp 9th ed. pp. 596-599.

1.         Lane SD. A review of current opinion on the hazards of indiscriminate antibiotic therapy in dental practice. Oral Surg 1956;9(9).
2.         Cohen S. Brain damage due to penicillin. Am Med Assoc 1963;186:899-902.
3.         Fox J. Systemic reaction to polyantibiotic root canal dressing. NYS Dent J 1964;30(7):282-283.
4.         Fellner MJ. Delayed hypersensitivity to penicillin. JAMA 1969;210(11).
5.         Paterson JA. An examination of antibiotic prophylaxis in oral and maxillofacial sugery. J Oral Surg 1970;28:753.
6.         Saslaw S. Studies on cephalosporin therapy of experimental streptococcal and staphylococcal infections in monkeys. Post Grad Med J 1971:20-25.
7.         Durack DT. Chemotherapy of experimental streptococcal endocarditis. J Clin Invest 1973;52.
8.         DeVries J. Penicillin substitutes - erythromycin and clindamycin. J Canad Dent Assoc 1974;40(4).
9.         DeVries J. Broad spectrum antibiotics: Tetracycline, ampicillin, and cephalexin. J Canad Dent Assoc 1974;40(5).
10.       Schuen NJ. A comparison of clindamycin and penicillin V in the treatment of oral infections. J Oral Surg 1974;32.
11.       Smith EL. How penicillin works. J Endodon 1976;2(5):149-155.
12.       Goldstein J. Antibiotics as related to endodontic therapy. J Endodon 1978;4(5):135-139.
13.       Bystedt H. Concentrations of aziodcillini erythromycin, doxycycline, and clindamycin in human mandibular bone. Int J Oral Surg 1978;7:442.
14.       Yrastorza JA. Indications for antibiotics in orthograde surgery. J Oral Surg 1978;34.
15.       Hewitt WL, McHenry MC. Blood level determination of animicrobial drugs. Med Clin N Am 1978;62(5):1119.
16.       Hendler BH, Quinn PD. Fatal mediastinitis secondary to odontogenic infection. J Oral Surg 1978;36(4):308-310.
17.       Hood FJC. The place of metronidazole in the treatment of acute oro-facial infection. J Antimicro Chemotherapy 1978;4:71-73.
18.       Bystedt H, Nord CE. Effect of antibiotic treatment on postoperative infections after surgical removal of mandibular third molars. Swed Dent 1980;4:27.
19.       Gill CJ. Clindamycin-associated pseudomembranous colitis; a potentially fatal adverse drug reaction. JADA 1981;102.
20.       Ellner PD, New HC. The inhibitory quotient: A method of interpreting minimum inhibitory concentration data. JAMA 1981;246(14):1575.
            21.       Heimdahl A, von Konow L, Nord CE. Treatment of Orofacial Infections of Odontogenic Origin. Scand J Infect Dis, Suppl. 46:101-105, 1985.
22.       Baltch AL. Bacteremia following dental extractions in patients with and without penicillin prophylaxis. Am J Med Sc 1982;283(3):129.
23.       Medeiros AA. B-lactamases. Brit Med Bull 1984;40(1):18-27.
            24.       Mata E, Koren LZ, Morse DR, Sinai IH. Prophylactic use of penicillin V in teeth with necrotic pulps and asymptomatic periapical radiolucencies. Oral Surg 1985;60(2):201-207.
25.       Baker PT, Evans RT, Slots J, Genco RJ. Antibiotic susceptibility of anaerobic bacteria from the human oral cavity. J Dent Res 1985;64:1233-1244.
26.       Heimdahl A, Nord CE. Treatment of orofacial infections of odontogenic origin. Scand J Infect Dis 1985;46:101-105.
27.       Jaspers MT. Prophylactic antibiotic coverage in patients with total arthroplasty: Current practice. JADA 1985;111.
28.       Schein B. Microbiological considerations in selecting a drug for endodontic abcesses. J Endodon 1986;12(12):570-572.
29.       Pallasch TJ. Microbial resistance to antibiotics. CDA J 1986(May).
30.       Pallasch TJ. A critique of antibiotic prophylaxis. CDA J 1986(May).
31.       Pallasch TJ. Antibiotic myths and reality. CDA J 1986(May):40-45.
32.       Kunitake LM. Hazards of antimicrobial therapy. CDA J 1986(May).
33.       Pallasch TJ. Clinical pharmacology of antibiotic agents. CDA J 1986(May).
34.       Lewis MAO, MacFarlane TW. Shortcourse high-dosage amoxycillin in the treatment of acute dento-alveolar abscess. Br Dent J 1986(Oct 25).
35.       Schonfield S. Orofacial infections of odontogenic origin. CDA J 1986;May.
36.       Morse DR, Furst ML, Belott RM, Lefkowitz RD, Spritzer IB, Sideman BH. Infectious flare-ups and serious sequelae following endodontic treatment: A prospective randomized trial on efficacy of antibiotic prophylaxis in cases of asymptomatic pulpal-periapical lesions. Oral Surg 1987;64(1):96-109.
37.       Morse DR, Furst ML, Belott RM, Lefkowitz RD, Spritzer IB, Sideman BH. A prospective randomized trial comparing periapical instrumentation to intracanal instrumentation in cases of asymptomatic pulpal-periapical lesions. Oral Surg 1987;64(6):734-741.
38.       Quayle AA, Russell C, Hearn B. Organisms isolated from severe odontogenic soft tissue infections:  Their sensitivities to cefotetan and seven other antibiotics, and implications for therapy and prophylaxis. Brit J Oral Maxill Surg 1987;25:34-44.
39.       Wang MM, Hoover J, Ludington JRJ, White RR. Presence of systemic ampicillin in pulp-extirpated root canals. J Endodon 1988;14(10):502-507.
40.       Morse DR, Furst ML, Belott RM, Lefkowitz RD, Spritzer IB, Sideman BH. Prophylactic penicillin versus penicillin taken at the first sign of swelling in cases of asymptomatic pulpal-periapical lesions:  A comparative analysis. Oral Surg 1988;65:228-232.
41.       Ranta H. Bacteriology of odontogenic apical periodontitis and effect of penicillin treatment. Scand J Infect Dis 1988;20:187-192.
42.       Gill Y, Scully C. The microbiology and management of acute dentoalveolar abscess: views of british oral and maxillofacial surgeons. Brit J of Oral  Maxill Surg 1988;26:452-457.
43.       Gilmore WC, Jacobus NV, Gorbach SL, Doku HC. A prospective double-blind evaluation of penicillin versus clindamycin in the treatment of odontogenic infections. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1988;46:1065-1070.
44.       Allard U. Antibiotics in exudate from periapical lesions in dogs. Endod Dent Traumatol 1989;5(6):287-291.
45.       Yamamoto K, Fukushima H, Tsuchiya H, Sagawa H. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of Eubacterium, Peptostreptococcus, and Bacteroides isolated from root canals of teeth with periapical pathosis. J  Endodon 1989;15(3):112-116.
46.       Keogh GS. The effect of local antibiotics on treating chronic osseous staphylococcus aureus infection. Oral Surg 1989;47:940.
47.       Lacroix JM, Mayrand D. The effect of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of antimicrobial agents on three bacterial mixtures. Oral Micro Immun 1989;4:82-88.
48.       Molander A, Reit C, Dahlen G. Microbiological evaluation of clindamycin as a root canal dressing in teeth with apical periodontitis. Int Endod J 1990;2(March):113-118.
49.       Dajani AS, Bisno AL, Chung KJ, Durack DT, Freed M, Gerber MA, et al. Prevention of bacterial endocarditis:  Recommendations by the American Heart Association. JAMA 1990;64(22):2919-2922.
50.       Gill Y, Scully C. Orofacial odon(1-42)togenic infections:  Review of microbiology and current treatment. Oral Surg 1990;70:155-158
51.       Nelson JP, Fitzgerlad RH, Jaspers MT, Little JW. Prophylactic antimicrobial coverage in arthroplasty patients. J Bone Joint Surg 1990;72-A(1):1.
52.       Peterson LJ. Antibiotic prophylaxis gainst wound infections in oral and maxillofacial surgery. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1990;48:617-620.
53.       Olson AK, Edington EM, Kulid EM, Weller RN. Update on antibiotics for the endodontic practice. Continuing Ed 1990;May.
54.       Davey PG. The pharmacokinetics of clarithromycin and its 14-OH metabolite. J Hosp Infect 1991;19:29-37.
55.       Ball P. The future role and importance of macrolides. J Hosp Infect 1991;19:47-59.
56.       Jacobson JJ, Schweitzer SO, Kowalski CJ. Chemoprophylxis of prothetic joint patients during dental treatment: a decision-utility analysis. Oral Surg 1991;72:167-177.
57.       Little JW. Antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of bacterial endocarditis and infectious major joint prostheses. Oral Surg 1992;2(III):93-101.
58.       Douglas CWI. The essential features of microorganisms and the rationale of antimicrobial therapy. Br Dent J 1992;172:337-343.
59.       Pogrel MA. The risk management of infections. Br Dent J 1992:354-355.
60.       AAOMS. Surgical update antibiotic therapy. Am Assoc Oral Maxill Surgeons 1992;Spring(1992).
61.       Alexander RE, Gage TW. Patient medication costs as a therapeutic consideration. JADA 1992;123.
62.       Cooper H. Root canal treatment on patients with HIV infection. Int Endod J 1993;26:369-371.
63.       Slots J, van Winkelhoff AJ. Antimicrobial therapy in perioodontics. J CDA 1993;21(11):51-56.
            64.       Walton RE, Chiappinelli J. Prophylactic penicillin: effect on posttreatment symptoms following root canal treatment of asymptomatic periapical pathosis. J Endodon 1993;19(9):466-470.
65.       Barrett AP, Schifter M. Antibiotic strategy in orofacial/head and neck infections in severe neutropenia. Oral Surg 1994;77(4):350-355.
66.       Shrout MK, Scarbrough F, Powell BJ. Dental care and the prosthetic joint patient: a survey of orthopedic surgeons and general dentists. JADA 1994;125(April):429-435.
67.       Wahl MJ. Myths of dental-induced endocarditis. Compend Contin Educ Dent 1994;XV(9):1100-1118.
68.       Lewis MAO, Parkhurst CL, Douglas CWI, Martin MV, Absi EG, Bishop P, et al. Prevalence of penicillin resistant bacteria in acute suppurative oral infection. J Antimicrobial Chemotherapy 1995;35:785-791.
69.       Hoshino E, Kurihara-Ando N, Sato I, Uematsu H, Sato M, Kota K, et al. In-vitro  antibacterial susceptibility of bacteria taken from infected root dentine to a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline. Int Endodon J 1996;29:125-130.
70.       Sato I, Ando-Kurihara N, Kota K, Iwaku M, Hoshino E. Sterilization of infected root-canal dentine by topical application of a mixture of ciprofloxacin, metronidazole and minocycline in situ. Int Endodon J 1996;29:118-124.
            71.       Fouad AF, Rivera EM, Walton RE. Penicillin as a supplement in resolving the localized acute apical abscess. Oral Surg 1996;81(5):590-595.
            72.       Barnard D, Davies J, Figdor D. Susceptibility of Actinomyces israelii  to antibiotics, sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide. Int Endod J 1996;29:320-326.
73.       Bridgeman A, Wiesenfeld D, Newland S. Anatomical considerations in the diagnosis and management of acute maxillofacial bacterial infections. Aust Dent J 1996;41(4):238-245.
74.       Baumgartner JC, Smith J. Ask a friend case 4. J Endodon 1998;24(9):631-635.
75.       Sandor GKB, Low DE, Judd PL, Davidson RJ. Antimicrobial treatment options in the management of odontogenic infections. Can Dent Assoc 1998;64(7):508-514.
76.       Noda M, Inoue S, Komatsu H. A comparison of methods for detecting bacteria in root canal exudate. J Endodon 1999;25(3):187-191.
77.       friend Aa. Ask a Friend case 8. J Endodon 1999;25(6):405-409.
            78.       Hersh EV. Adverse drug interactions in dental practice. JADA 1999;130(2):236-251.
            79.       Alexander R. Routine Prophylactic antibiotic use in diabetic dental patients. CDA 1999;27(8):611-618.
            80.       Nagle D, Reader A, Beck M, Weaver J. Effect of systemic penicillin on pain in untreated irreversible pulpitis. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod 2000;90:636-40.
81.       Kuriyama T, Nakagawa K, Karasasa T, Saiki Y, Yamamoto E, Nakamura S. Past administration of B-lactam antibiotics and increase in the emergnce of B-lactamase-producing bacteria in patients with orofacial odontogenic infections. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radio Endod 2000;89:186-92.
            82.       Pickenpaugh L, Reader A, Beck M, Meyers WJ, Peterson LJ. Effect of Prophylactic amoxicillin on endodontic flare-up in asymptomatic, necrotic teeth. J Endodon 2001;27(1):53-56.
            83.       Henry M, Reader A, Beck M. Effect of penicillin on postoperative endodontic pain and swelling in symptomatic necrotic teeth. J Endodon 2001;27(2):117-123.
84.       Dailey YM, Martin MV. Are antibiotics being used appropriately for emergency dental treatment. In; 2001.
            85.       Yingling NM, Byrne BE, Hartwell GR. Antiobiotic use by members of the american association of endodontists in the year 2000: report of a national survey. J Endodon 2002;28(5):396-404.
            86.       Khemaleelakul S, Baumgartner JC, Pruksakorn S. Identification of bacteria in acute endodontic infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 2002;94(6):746-55.
87.       Kangarloo A, Mehvarzfar P, Saeidi KG, Asna Ashari M, Saffar AS. The effects of an antibiotic mixture on the infection of dentinal tubules. Endo Practice 2002;5(17).
            88.       Baumgartner JC, Xia T. Antibiotic susceptibility of bacteria associated with endodontic abscesses. J Endodon 2003;29(1):44-47.
89.       Hersh EV, Moore PA. Drug interactions in dentistry  The importance of knowing your CYPs. JADA 2004;135:298-311.
90.       Pinheiro ET, Gomes BPF, Drucker DB, Zaia AA, Ferraz CCR, Souza-Filho FJ. Antimicrobial susceptibility of Entrococcus faecalis isolated from canals of root filled teeth with periapical lesions. Int Endod J 2004;37:756-763.
91.       Özan Ü, Er K. Endodontic treatment of a large cyst-like periradicular lesion using a combination of antibiotic drugs: a case report. J Endodon 2005;31(12):898-900.
92.       Keenan JV, Farman AG, Fedorowicz Z, Newton JT. A cochrane systematic review finds no evidence to support the use of antibiotics for pain relief in irreversible pulpitis. J Endodon 2006;32(2):87-92.
            93. Lindeboom JAH, Frenken JWH, Valkenburg P, vandenAkker HP. The role of preoperative prophylactic antibiotic acministration in periapical endodontic surgery: a randomized, prospective double-blind placebo-controlled study. Int Endod J. 2005;38:877-81.
94. Keenan JV, Farman AG, Fedorowicz Z, Newton JT. A cochrane systematic review finds no evidence to support the use of antibiotics for pain relief in irreversible pulpitis. J Endod. 2006;32(2):87-92.
95. Bresco-Salinas M, Costa-Riu N, Berini-Aytes L, Gay-Escoda C. Antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria causing odontogenic infection. Med Oral Pathol Oral Cir Bucal. 2006;11(1):70-5.
96. Flynn TR, Shanti RM, Hayes C. Severe odontogenic infections, part 2: Prospective outcomes study. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;64:1104-13.
97. Flynn TR, Shanti RM, Levi MH, Adamo AK, Kraut RA, Trieger N. Severe odontogenic infections, part 1: Prospective report. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2006;64:1093-103.
98, LeCorn DW, Vertucci FJ, Rojas MF, Progulske-Fox A, Bélanger M. In vitro activity of amoxicillin, clindamycin, doxycycline, metronidazole, and moxifloxacin against oral acintomyes. J  Endod. 2007;33(5):557-60.
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