In Honor of Girls:
Adolescent Girls and Self-Esteem
An Annotated Bibliography

Prepared by
Karen Lippert
Reference Librarian
Oregon Health & Science University
Portland, Oregon

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Apter, Terri and Ruthellen Josselson.  Best Friends:  The Pleasures and Perils of Girls' and Women's Friendships.  New York:  Crown, 1998.

If Only I Had a Real Friend, I Knew You'd Understand! Promise You Won't Tell, and I Never Thought This Would Come Between Us are some of the chapter titles in this insightful book.  Terri Apter and Ruthellen Josselson noticed that there has been little research done on the subject of friendship between girls, and thus the authors try to bring this subject to light.  By exploring what happens in girls' and women's friendships, they say, we can learn a lot about the development and socialization of young girls.  This book celebrates these friendships.  At the same time, it takes "an honest look at the perils and dangers inherent in them, the pitfalls and places where girls and women can stumble and lose faith in themselves and in relationships" (xii).  How do adolescent girls deal with rejection?  How do they react when their best friend gives them the cold shoulder or spreads gossip about them?  How do they treat each other when one loses favor with the group?  Why are best friends a major factor in learning about relationships?  With real accounts from girls young and old, Apter and Josselson try to show how absolutely necessary girl-girl friendships are for girls who are trying to find out who they are and where they fit in the world.  From dealing with betrayal to loving each other unconditionally, girls' friendships teach them coping and loving skills that are important lessons for life.  For it is a fact, as one contributor says, that girlfriends outlast the comings and goings of husbands and lovers.
 

Brown, Lyn Mikel and Carol Gilligan.  Meeting at the Crossroads:  Women's Psychology and Girls' Development.  Cambridge, MA:  Harvard UP, 1992.

Brown and Gilligan spent ten years researching this book, and they came to some poignant conclusions that surprised them.  They knew that adolescence can be considered a crossroads:  it is a meeting between girlhood and womanhood.  But they were not prepared for how important meaningful relationships between girls and women are in order for girls to remain emotionally healthy and thus turning into strong, independent women.  It's a cycle:  one leads to the other.  Brown and Gilligan spent their ten years of research in private schools for girls, inner-city schools, co-ed day and boarding schools, urban high schools, and boys' and girls' clubs in culturally diverse neighborhoods.  They looked at the psychological dimensions of why adolescent girls lose their vitality, resilience, and often become depressed.  By using firsthand accounts, the authors tell about the relationship between adolescent girls and women's psychological development.
 

Brown, Lyn Mikel.  Raising Their Voices:  The Politics of Girls' Anger.  Cambridge, MA:  Harvard UP, 1998.

While almost all adolescent girls struggle with identity and self-esteem issues, some girls are able to retain the strength and voice that have been part of their personalities while growing up.  In her book, Brown focuses on the experiences of two groups of girls:  one group from working class families, and one from middle and upper middle class families.  These girls discuss the changes they've experienced in adolescence; many acknowledging the fact that they pretend to be what they are not in order to fit in to the expected, feminine molds of society.  They see this as hypocrisy in themselves and others.  Brown also finds that some of these girls resist these pressures and expectations, and are able to resist openly and loudly, with a strength and confidence that often gets lost during this confusing time.  In particularly, Brown relays stories of girls' anger, and how this anger enables them to fight sexism, discrimination, and the pressures of popular culture.  Whereas some girls disconnect from themselves and others during adolescence, other girls fight back to keep a strong sense of self.  What allows some girls to find this strength while it gets lost in others?  What part does race and class play?  In her refreshing and enlightening book, Brown attempts to answer these questions and provide some clues into the diverse personalities of young girls.
 

Brumberg, Joan Jacobs.  The Body Project:  An Intimate History of American Girls.  New York:  Random House, 1997.

Girls today are having a more difficult time handling the process of sexual maturation than they did a hundred years ago.  This time is particularly dangerous for young girls now, more so than ever before.  Why?  Brumberg explains that certain changes in recent history have "resulted in a peculiar mismatch between girls' biology and today's culture" (xvii).  Girls are maturing at a younger age than ever before, but there are fewer protections set up for them.  They can easily be seduced by popular culture and peer pressure.  And these seductions lead girls to see their body as the ultimate project, an all-consuming project that shapes their self-image and self-esteem.  In this wonderful book, Joan Brumberg creates a timeline of growing up female in America and what pressures adolescent girls have faced in each stage of recent history.  This timeline builds up to the present, where she discusses the importance of menstruation, eating disorders, sexuality, body image, and popular culture in the lives of girls today.  Brumberg includes photographs and advertisements that illustrate how certain issues have always been concerns for adolescent girls.
 

Edut, Ophira, ed. Body Outlaws: Young Women Write About Body Image and Identity. Seattle, WA: Seal, 2000.

This book is made up of a fascinating collection of essays written by young women who definitely have something to say.  Shout, in fact.  The theme of this book is self-acceptance, and each essay has something unique to say, whether it be about being a minority in American, having a large derriere, remaining celibate, or choosing to keep a Jewish nose over having plastic surgery.  Insecurities are thrown onto the table, analyzed, made fun of,  cried over, and overcome.  And many of the essays discuss these insecurities in conjunction with that all-American icon, Barbie.  Barbie has not been helpful to us, folks, so let's change our ideals.  This book is a must for people who are interested in beginning or continuing that journey toward self-acceptance and love.  The essays are humorous and insightful, and left me feeling inspired.  "We are entitled to love our bodies at any size.  We are entitled to speak, act, create and feel wherever we go."  Exactly.
 

Gray, Heather M. and Samantha Phillips.  Real Girl/Real World:  Tools for Finding Your True Self.  Seattle, WA:  Seal, 1998.

I wish I had had a book like this when I was a teenager.  This book, with its real-life stories from adolescent girls, relays the message that beauty plus a perfect body do not equal perfect happiness.  It also tackles important issues including: Why do girls get bad reputations and boys don't?  Why do adolescent girls have such poor body images and how can we build up our own image?  How destructive are eating disorders?  What is sex for the first time really like?  What problems/issues/realities will I face as a lesbian or bisexual girl?  What are the facts about birth control and STD protection?  In each chapter, relevant accounts from teenage girls are interspersed with useful, practical explanations of each topic.  The authors also include a list of contacts and organizations for each section.  This book is a wealth of information for adolescent girls, and it can also be a helpful guide for adults who want to understand what girls are going through, or who want to discuss some of these sensitive topics with the young girls in their lives.
 

Hesse-Biber, Sharlene.  Am I Thin Enough Yet?  The Cult of Thinness and the Commercialization of Identity.  New York:  Oxford UP, 1996.

"If you want to be valued, as a potential spouse, as a coworker, as a friend, then get thin" (4).  This statement, Hesse-Biber says, is a truth that society imposes on women, and a truth that women respond to with eating disorders.  American women are members of "the cult of thinness," a cult that places a slender figure above all else on the scale of self-worth. For her book, Hesse-Biber interviewed sixty female college students, and surveyed 395 male and female college students, to try to discover, in specific terms, why so many young people are obsessed with body weight.  It's as if, she says, weight is the primary measure of a woman's worth and identity. And what is the end reward?  According to one young woman who Hesse-Biber interviewed, it's who can attract the most men, and then keep the one you want.  Not a pretty picture, but true for many young women who have eating disorders.  In order to find out the reasons behind this way of thinking, Hesse-Biber explores the diet, fitness, and cosmetic surgery industry.  She also shows how mass media influences preteen girls so that they are early "recruits" to the "cult."  The personal testimonies in this book make it a fascinating read -- and sometimes difficult to read.  And by comparing the cult of thinness to a religious cult, Hesse-Biber puts the whole issue of body image in a new perspective.
 

Hubbard, Ruth Shagoury, Maureen Barieri, and Brenda Miller Power. We Want to be Known:  Learning from Adolescent Girls.  York, ME:  Stenhouse, 1998.

This book is an important one for educators who teach adolescent girls.  It is made up of essays written by teachers who are very aware of the problems that girls face during adolescence:  they become quiet, stop raising their hands in class, are hypersensitive of their appearance, and often suffer from eating disorders.  Many of the chapter essays are either preceded and followed by a poem or essay written by an adolescent girl, which gives the book real relevance.  What do girls feel, go through?  And what can teachers in middle school and high school do to help them?  The author of the first chapter uses entries and drawings from her own junior high and high school journals to illustrate the low self-esteem, friendship problems, and unhealthy body image that adolescent girls face.  It is a powerful chapter that makes these issues real, and yet also shows how a teacher can use his/her own experiences to be aware of the important concerns that their students deal with on a daily basis.  Some of the other chapters are:  "What does she like?":  Choosing a Curriculum for Girls; Putting the Heart in Mathematics: Adding Stories About Girls; and The Lowdown on Life, Sex, and Your Bod:  Learning from Girls' Unofficial Literacy.  The authors also provide a good list of resources, including:  You've Got to Read This!  Recommendations by Girls, for Girls; Books for Girls; and Books Starring Girls and Women.  With humor, honesty, wit, and caring, this book addresses the important issue of helping adolescent girls in the classroom, and it gives teachers useful information on how to be more aware and sensitive to girls in this precarious time of their lives.
 

Inness, Sherrie, ed.  Delinquents and Debutantes:  Twentieth-Century American Girls' Cultures.  New York:  New York UP, 1998.

In the introduction of this book, Sherrie Inness claims that there has been a startling lack of scholarship on the subject of girls and "girls' culture" until only the last twenty years.  This is a major part of American culture that has been ignored, she claims, and its importance in understanding girls and their issues is clear.  "The aim of the essays in this collection is to demonstrate how American girls' culture in its many forms has played and continues to play a vital role in shaping our culture's girls into women" (2).  The essays in this book paint a portrait of girls' culture in the twentieth century, starting with Making a Girl into a Scout, and followed by Rate Your Date:  Young Women and the Commodification of Depression Era Courtship, Little Girls Bound:  Costume and Coming of Age in the Sears Catalog 1906-1950, and Can Anne Shirley Help Revive Ophelia?  Listening to Girl Readers.  These and many other essays bring to life girl culture through the last one hundred years.  With impressive scholarship, the authors explore how girls manage to make their own culture, and how mass media dictates what girl culture should be.  It is interesting to see how the actions taken in the previous decades are directly related to girl culture today.
 

Johnson, Norine, Michael Roberts, and Judith Worell, eds.  Beyond Appearance:  A New Look at Adolescent Girls.  Washington, D.C.:  American Psychological Assn., 1999.

While many books focus on the problems associated with adolescent girls, this book tries to focus on healthy girls, their strengths and resiliency.  How are strong girls shaped, and what can we do to help them?  Of course one cannot talk about the strengths of young girls without discussing the problems that they face and conquer.  This book is broken up into chapters that focus on these challenges and how they are linked to race, ethnicity, class, gender, sexual orientation and physical disability.  Then we see how the development of self, adolescent girls of color, and relationships connect to these issues and thus form a part of the adolescent girl's journey into adulthood.  This book is comprised of several essays that try to fill in the gaps of adolescent girl research.
 

Leadbeater, Bonnie J. Ross and Niobe Way, eds.  Urban Girls:  Resisting Stereotypes, Creating Identities.  New York:  New York UP, 1996.

When we think of  "urban" adolescent girls, it is pretty safe to say that many of us see images of common stereotypes:  school dropouts, teenage welfare mothers, drug addicts, and victims of domestic abuse or AIDS.  In this book, Leadbeater and Way have provided a collection of research that delves into these stereotypes and looks at the real girls behind them.  While addressing common adolescent issues, such as identity, family, relationships, sexuality, health risks and career choices, the authors try to take their research a step further in order to explain the reasons why so many urban girls live the lifestyles they do.  The chapters try to answer the following questions:  How can urban adolescent girls adapt to their situations in a healthy way?  How does family poverty figure into girls' future career aspirations?  How does violence and sexual harassment in inner-city schools affect girls' perceptions of their competence and futures?  How can families, peers, and adult friends help to encourage positive identity choices for girls?  How does society create the foundations of development for urban adolescent girls?  These questions look at how girls are affected by situations.  The articles in this book also look at the girls themselves, and how young, low-income urban adolescent girls define the goals that shape who they are becoming and the choices they make toward claiming adult identities.  Often these are success stories, as the struggles these girls face pay off.  This is a much needed book -- one that fills a gap, looks at different groups of urban girls, and tells their stories.
 

Loomans, Diane and Julia Loomans.  Full Esteem Ahead:  100 Ways to Build Self-Esteem in Children & Adults.  Tiburon, CA:  H. J. Kramer Inc., 1994.

This book was written by a mother-daughter team and is a helpful guide for raising the self-esteem of anybody:  girls, boys, children, teenagers, adults.  It offers concrete activites that can build self-esteem.  Chapter titles include:  Esteem Each Day, Esteem Each Night, Learning Esteem, Playful Esteem, and Esteem Extras.  People, young and old, will learn fun ways to give the people they care about a boost.  The book also has a serious side, in which we learn how to be “empathetic” rather than sypathetic.  There are certain reactions that people need from others, and these reactions have a great impact on self-esteem.  Learn how to listen and react in ways that are helpful to others.  From leaving love-notes in pockets to creating a “laughing board,” this book goes into great detail on how to make simple, caring, self-esteem enhancing gestures a part of everyday life.
 

Mann, Judy.  The Difference:  Discovering the Hidden Ways We Silence Girls:  Finding Alternatives that can Give Them a Voice.  New York:  Warner, 1994.

Girls and boys are different -- where do these differences come from?   In her book, Judy Mann acknowledges the fact that it is politically incorrect to discuss an actual difference between boys and girls.  But, she asks, why are girls more sensitive?  Why do boys enjoy getting dirty and falling down more than girls?  Why do parents, who raise both sons and daughters, notice such absolute differences between the two?  Are these characteristics part of the make-up of boys and girls, or do we force them into these roles through gender socialization?  These are the questions that Mann tries to answer in this thought-provoking, refreshing book.  Not only does it make the reader think seriously about how he/she interacts with girls and boys, it invites the reader to be more sensitive to gender stereotypes that may seem innocent, but actually send very distinct messages to children.  Mann goes on to discuss what happens to girls during those "dangerous" early teenage years, which can often change a happy, smart, confident girl into somber, closed, sad young woman.  She also states that we will not be able to create a world safe for girls until we start raising boys who are not hostile toward women.  This book inspires a lot of familiar, yet new thoughts, and it is easy to admire Mann for writing about an issue that people may often feel afraid to talk about.
 

McCarthy, Tara.  Been There, Haven't Done That:  A Virgin's Memoir.  New York:  Warner, 1997.

While this book is a memoir, and thus different from the other books on this list, it reflects an attitude that is both common and unusual in young women today.  McCarthy relates her story of growing up emotionally and sexually.  She takes us through, in not too-vivid detail, her first curious explorations with sex, and the many, MANY men with whom she has had flings/relationships.  Her story is probably very similar to the experiences of many young girls and women except for one thing:  throughout her whole experience, she has remained a virgin.  McCarthy's story is very relevant because it does not preach abstinence, it does not preach anything.  It simply tells of a woman who respects herself, respects her body, and while holding her virginity dear, still succeeds in becoming a vital and fulfilled being.  Her story is brutally honest, and McCarthy's strong voice might raise some eyebrows.  But her sense of self and individuality also command respect from the reader, no matter what the reader's situation.
 

Orenstein, Peggy.  SchoolGirls:  Young Women, Self-Esteem, and the Confidence Gap.  New York:  Doubleday, 1994.

SchoolGirls opens with the story of a sixth grade exercise, in which the students imagine growing up as the opposite sex.  After taking part in visualization, the students write down lists describing how their lives would be different.  These lists show that by the sixth grade, both girls and boys have learned to equate "maleness with opportunity" and "femininity with constraint" (xiv).  Peggy Orenstein delves into the reasons behind this subconscious developmental phenomenon.  Why, at the onset of adolescence, do girls suddenly falter in math and science?  Why do they lose confidence, feel inadequate, and become fiercely critical of their bodies?  How do boys, and girls' attitudes toward boys, play a role in this downward spiral?  Orenstein uses the eye-opening study done in 1990 by the American Association of University Women, which shows that the self esteem of girls plummets at the onset of adolescence, as a basis for her own study.  She then spends the 1992-93 school year observing girls at two economically and ethnically different middle schools.  It is with these interviews and personal testimonies, and a bit of self-reflection, that Orenstein tries to answer the questions behind girls' self esteem in this very important book.
 

Peiss, Kathy Lee.  Hope in a Jar:  The Making of America's Beauty Culture.  New York:  Metropolitan, 1998.

For those of us who have ever wondered why women are slaves to make up and images of beauty, this book explains the history behind the "beauty culture" mentality that exists today.  It traces back to the beginnings of make up, and the implications it had on those women who chose to wear it.  For a time, only "loose" women wore make up, but by the 1920s, make up became a source of freedom and expression.  Make up and the pursuit of beauty have been controversial ever since:  a way to repress women or build up their self-image?  Peiss has written a fascinating, detailed account of an important part of women's history, which greatly explains the society in which we live today.
 

Phillips, Lynn.  The Girls Report:  What We Know & Need to Know About Growing Up Female.  New York:  National Council for Research on Women, 1998.

This report, produced by the National Council for Research on Women, "strives to present a balanced picture of the status of adolescent girls today.  Its goals is to provide useful information about what we do and don't know about adolescent girls that can guide future research, policy decisions, and programs designed to improve the climate and life possibilities for all girls, regardless of where they live, their racial or ethnic background, or their social or economic status" (xi).  This book is a wonderful resource that describes the current issues facing adolescent girls, explains the current research, and also acknowledges where research is lacking.  Interspersed throughout the chapters are quotes from girls, which bring the book to life.  Each chapter ends with a list of key research findings, and also a list of what research and programs are still needed.  Phillips provides an impressive bibliography and list of resources which includes organizations and relevant web sites.  This book is for anyone -- teachers, parents, health practitioners, policy makers, activists --  who want to advocate for girls and make the world a healthier, safer, and brighter place for them.
 

Pipher, Mary.  Reviving Ophelia:  Saving the Selves of Adolescent Girls.  New York:  Ballantine, 1994.

“Something dramatic happens to girls in early adolescence.  Just as planes and ships disappear mysteriously into the Bermuda Triangle, so do the selves of girls go down in droves (p. 19).”  Before girls reach puberty, they are interested in sports, nature, exploring, can bake cookies or build a kite, are “tomboys.”  But once these girls, who have been excited about life and affectionate to their parents, hit adolescence and junior high, they are faced with the pressure to put aside their real selves and transform into something with which they are unfamiliar and uncomfortable.  They give up their interests which make them individuals, and look for acceptance by their peers.  Why does this happen?  Pipher believes the fault lies not with parents, but with the culture in which the girls of today are brought up.  They experience a social pressure to create a false self which only shows a fraction of their talents.  Pipher tells the stories of several girls who have faced a variety of storms:  the divorce of parents, alcohol and drug abuse, self-mutilation and suicide attempts, sexual violence, and depression.  Each case brings forth insight into the identity of each girl and the pressures and insecurities she faces.  This book is one of the first to tackle such an important issue, and it has been instrumental in helping many young women.
 

Rutter, Virginia Beane.  Celebrating Girls:  Nurturing and Empowering our Daughters.  Berkeley, CA:  Conari, 1996.

This book is for mothers, grandmothers, aunts, big sisters, and anyone who wants to celebrate girls and build up their self worth before they reach adolescence.  While many of the ideas in the book can also be used to raise boys, the focus is on girls, because girls, Rutter says, are at such risk of losing their core selves during adolescence.  This book, with chapters including:  Holding:  Assuring Physical Self-Confidence; Adorning:  Meaning, Spirit, and the Arts; and  Storytelling:  Teaching and Learning, encourages the adults in girls' lives to celebrate their rights of passage, so that girls often hear the message, "You're growing up and changing, and we're proud of you!"  Rutter also explains that valuing femininity also builds a strong identity.  While this book is a bit different from the other books that I have included in this bibliography, I think it is an important one because it offers suggestions on how to prepare young girls for adolescence by making them feel strong and capable and celebrated.  When girls are praised and are confident in our faith in them, they have a better chance of making a smooth transition into the preteen years and adolescence with growing independence, self-confidence, and self-esteem.
 

Shandler, Sara.  Ophelia Speaks:  Adolescent Girls Write About Their Search for Self.  New York:  HarperCollins, 1999.

This book is a wonderful companion piece to Reviving Ophelia.  Sarah Shandler, at age sixteen, read Mary Pipher's book, and felt that Pipher was speaking directly to her.  Well, almost.  While Shandler identified with the girls Pipher wrote about, she felt that Pipher was writing from the "outside," as a middle-aged woman looking through the window at adolescent girls, and speaking for her.  Shandler wanted to hear Ophelia speak for herself, and so she sent out a call for essays, journal entries, stories and poems written by girls that describe and show the adolescent-girl experience.  She received a variety of entries, and eventually organized them into chapters which discuss the trials that teenage girls face today, such as body image and eating disorders, family relationships, friendships, love and sex, school pressures, depression, and differences of race, faith, and sexual orientation.  I found these pieces beautiful and meaningful because of the honesty behind them.  A few of the writings, mostly about body image and eating disorders, I found to be so brutally vivid and real that they were incredibly difficult for me to read.  But I read on, of course, and found real insight into the adolescent girl's mind and experience.  This book is stunning.
 

Siegler, Ava L.  The Essential Guide to the New Adolescence:  How to Raise an Emotionally Healthy Teenager.  New York:  Dutton, 1997.

This is an important book for parents of both adolescent girls and boys.  Ava Siegler breaks down adolescence into “five developmental tasks” that are necessary for adolescents to go through in order to grow into healthy adults.  She also explains old concerns of adolescents, with which we can all identify, and new concerns, which are faced by adolescents and their parents in today’s complicated society.  She addresses the fears that young people go through, and illustrates various “faces” of adolescence, such as anxiousness, rebelliousness, depression, withdrawal, and over attachment, with real life situations.  Siegler has written a very relevant book, in which parents will find insights on why their teenagers are acting the way they are.  They will also learn how to communicate with their kids and hopefully gain some understanding of the adolescent world, which is quite different today than it twenty years ago.
 

Sohoni, Neera.  Burden of Girlhood:  A Global Inquiry into the Status of Girls.  Oakland, CA:  Third Party, 1995.

Most of the books in this bibliography are devoted to American girls and their experiences throughout adolescence.  In this book, Sohoni paints a more global picture, and describes the ways in which girls are brought up around the world.  Her research shows that girls around the world not only suffer from gender discrimination, but also age discrimination, and it is thus doubly difficult for girls to grow up with a sense of worth.  Many girls are so discriminated against that they do not even receive the same means for health and safety as do boys.  Childhood is a place where there is no dignity, no sense of self.  She also mentions amniocentesis, the "sex test," which is used in some countries to determine the sex of unborn babies, which then leads to the abortion of many female fetuses.  Sohoni traces these important issues in chapters such as:  Culture, Socialization, and Girls; Early Marriage and Its Impact on Girls; Health and Survival Capability of Girls; Exploitative Work and Girls; and Violence Against Girls.  In the conclusion, Sohoni offers some concrete suggestions for how to change the current global status of girls.  She states, "Only the calculated, concerted, courageous, and sustained action of parents, cultures, religions, nations and multi-national bodies will make a difference in the present and future of girlhood, globally" (ix).  This thorough book begins to fill the gap in the body of research about the situation of girls throughout the world.
 

Tanenbaum, Leora.  Slut!  Growing Up Female with a Bad Reputation.  New York:  Seven Stories, 1999.

Everybody remembers those girls who were labeled "sluts" in junior high and high school.  Or perhaps we were one of the unfortunate ones who, for some reason or other, had the "slut" label attached to us.  Leora Tanenbaum was a freshman in high school whose reputation, after one twenty-minute make-out session, turned from intellectual to slut.  Rumors spread the next day, and suddenly Tanenbaum had a new reputation that followed her throughout her remaining three years of high school.  In this book, Tanenbaum uses her own story, as well as stories from other girls who were branded "slut," to explain the damage that this kind of sexual harassment and sexual double standard does to young women.  She points out that while boys don't have to worry about their reputations being ruined if they engage in sexual encounters, girls are in a lose-lose situation.  They are sluts if they do and prudes if they don't.  Tanenbaum also explains that most of the "sluts" have done little or nothing to deserve this reputation.  They are simply early developers, different from the in crowd, or they have been raped.  At the end of the book, Tanenbaum gives some concrete examples of things girls can do to stop this kind of harassment.  She also explains that teachers and school administrators need to be educated so that they stop treating these situations as "normal" for high school students.  This book will definitely help girls who are dealing with the curse of a bad reputation, and it will also be balm to those who survived the "slut" torments while in school.
 

Thompson, Sharon.  Going All the Way:  Teenage Girls' Tales of Sex, Romance and Pregnancy.  New York:  Hill and Wang, 1995.

Thompson explores the views and experiences of adolescent girls with sex, romance and pregnancy.  By using interviews that she collected around the country, she looks at the questions:  Why are so many adolescent girls having sex?  What process leads them to it?  What do they hope to gain by it?  And how does sex at such an early age actually affect their lives?  Visions of true love seem to entrance girls into situations that they are not ready for, situations that have dangerous and/or life changing results.  Thompson wants her readers to gain an understanding of the real-life pressures and passions that these young women experience.  "To really understand what motivates the actions of girls, we have to consider sex and romance from their perspective… (11)."  She brings to life the excitement an adolescent girl feels when she is retelling a personal story brimming with romance, significant looks, and first experiences with men and women.  Women young and old will be able to identify with the voices of these vibrant and searching girls.
 

Vida, Vendela.  Girls on the Verge:  Debutante Dips, Gang Drive-Bys, and Other Initiations.  New York:  St. Martin's, 1999.

Why do college freshmen girls go through rush?  Why do young girls join gangs, become witches, or attend debutante balls?  Taking part in sororities, gangs, covens and balls are all ways in which adolescent girls can be initiated into the adult world.  They are symbolic rituals that say, "You have reached an age in which you command more respect, are sexually mature, and should be thinking about your future."  In her book, Vendela Vida explores some of these rituals and how they are (or are not) important to the development of young women.  In today's society, says Vida, young women do not have the structured rituals of the past -- they do not have the "coming out" parties, the rituals found in many cultures that celebrate a girl's first period, or even the safe, cohesive family unit that was more common fifty years ago.  With the coming of feminism, many "feminine" rituals disappeared, and rightly so.  But ever since, adolescent girls have found themselves in a confusing society, in which it is difficult to find their place or know what is expected of them.  Thus, Vida explains, girls have created their own rituals to represent their need for family, acceptance, and their emergence into womanhood.  Vida looks at several of such initiations in chapters such as:  Sorority Sisters, Debutantes, Gang Girls, Witches, and Young Brides.  This is a fascinating book that begins to explain the ways in which adolescent girls find a place for themselves in a confusing society.
 

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Especially for Girls
An abbreviated version of the bibliography which includes books that are especially appropriate for adolescent girls

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Created on March 7, 2000
Last updated December 12, 2002
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