This study involves ambulance patients and is in two parts - Study 1 is to see how a small amount of an IV fluid that has a higher concentration of salt than normal may help patients who have lost a significant amount of blood due to gunshot, stabbing, or blunt trauma injuries. Study 2 also involves the higher salt concentration IV fluid, but the patients involved will be blunt trauma patients with a severe traumatic brain injury. Both studies will be randomized trials comparing hypertonic saline and a sugar (called dextran) mix, hypertonic saline alone, and normal saline as the initial resuscitation fluid administered to these patients in the prehospital setting. Neither the paramedics administering the IV fluid nor the patient will know which fluid he or she is receiving.

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