Symptom Science Literature Database©

References from Pain in End-of-Life

Abbey, J., Piller, N., De Bellis, A., Esterman, A., Parker, D., Giles, L., et al. (2004). The Abbey pain scale: a 1-minute numerical indicator for people with end-stage dementia. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 10(1), 6-13.

Abrahm, J. L. (2000). Advances in pain management for older adult patients. Clinics in Geriatric Medicine, 16(2), 269-311.

Abrahm, J. L., & Snyder, L. (2001). Pain assessment and management. Primary Care; Clinics in Office Practice, 28(2), 269-297.

Adenipekun, A., Alonge, T. O., Campbell, O. B., Oyesegun, A. R., & Elumelu, T. N. (2002). The management of metastatic bone pain in a developing country: the role of radiotherapy as an adjunct to weak opioids. International Journal of Clinical Practice, 56(1), 40-43.

Allard, P., Maunsell, E., Labbe, J., & Dorval, M. (2001). Educational interventions to improve cancer pain control: a systematic review. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 4(2), 191-203.

Alo, K. M., & Holsheimer, J. (2002). New trends in neuromodulation for the management of neuropathic pain. Neurosurgery, 50(4), 690-703; discussion 703-694.

Anderson, C. M. (2002). Pain relief at the end-of-life: a clinical guide. Missouri Medicine, 99(10), 556-559.

Anonymous. (2000). A plan to improve pain management for dying patients. A proposal by the Governor's Blue Ribbon Panel on Living and Dying with Dignity Task Force on Pain Management in the Dying Patient, 1997. Hawaii Medical Journal, 59(3), 91, 93.

Anonymous. (2003). State-by-state report card on care for the dying finds mediocre care nationwide. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy, 17(2), 111-115.

Ashburn, M. A., & Staats, P. S. (1999). Management of chronic pain. Lancet, 353(9167), 1865-1869.

Bach, J. R. (2003). Threats to "informed" advance directives for the severely physically challenged? Arch Phys Med Rehabil, 84(4 Suppl 2), S23-28.

Baines, B. K., & Norlander, L. (2000). The relationship of pain and suffering in a hospice population. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, 17(5), 319-326.

Battista, E. M. (2002). The assessment and management of chronic pain in the elderly. A guide for practice. Advance for Nurse Practitioners, 10(11), 28-32; quiz 32-23.

Ben, tez del Rosario, M. A., Mart, n, A. S., Ortega, J. J. M., & Feria, M. (2001). Temporary sedation with midazolam for control of severe incident pain. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 21(5), 439-442.

Benedetti, C., Dickerson, E. D., & Nichols, L. L. (2001). Medical education: a barrier to pain therapy and palliative care. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 21(5), 360-362.

Bennett, R. M. (2002). The rational management of fibromyalgia patients. Rheum Dis Clin North Am, 28(2), 181-199, v.

Bernstein, R. M. (2001). Injections and surgical therapy in chronic pain. Clinical

Journal of Pain, 17(4 Suppl), S94-104.

Blasi, Z. V., Hurley, A. C., & Volicer, L. (2002). End-of-life care in dementia: a review of problems, prospects, and solutions in practice. Journal of the American Medical Directors Association, 3(2), 57-65.

Bonham, V. L. (2001). Race, ethnicity, and pain treatment: striving to understand the causes and solutions to the disparities in pain treatment. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 29(1), 52-68.

Breitbart, W., & Dibiase, L. (2002). Current perspectives on pain in AIDS. Oncology (Huntingt), 16(7), 964-968, 972; discussion 972, 977, 980, 982.

Bruera, E., & Sweeney, C. (2002). Methadone use in cancer patients with pain: a review. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 5(1), 127-138.

Buclin, T., Mazzocato, C., Berney, A., & Stiefel, F. (2001). Psychopharmacology in supportive care of cancer: a review for the clinician. IV. Other psychotropic agents. Supportive Care in Cancer, 9(4), 213-222.

Caldwell, S. H. (2001). Controlling pain in liver biopsy, or "we will probably need to repeat the biopsy in a year or two to assess the response". American Journal of Gastroenterology, 96(5), 1327-1329.

Cantor, N. L. (2001). Glucksberg, the putative right to adequate pain relief, and death with dignity. Journal of Health Law, 34(3), 301-333.

Caraceni, A., Cherny, N., Fainsinger, R., Kaasa, S., Poulain, P., Radbruch, L., et al. (2002). Pain measurement tools and methods in clinical research in palliative care: recommendations of an Expert Working Group of the European Association of Palliative Care. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 23(3), 239-255.

Carver, A. C., & Foley, K. M. (2001). Symptom assessment and management. Neurologic Clinics, 19(4), 921-947.

Cole, B. E. (2003). The psychiatric management of end-of-life pain and associated psychiatric comorbidity. Current Pain & Headache Reports, 7(2), 89-97.

Collins, J. J. (2002). Palliative care and the child with cancer. Hematology - Oncology Clinics of North America, 16(3), 657-670.

Coluzzi, P. H., & Fairbairn, B. S. (1999). The management of pain in terminally ill cancer patients with difficulty swallowing. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, 16(6), 731-737.

Cowan, J. D., & Palmer, T. W. (2002). Practical guide to palliative sedation. Curr Oncol Rep, 4(3), 242-249.

Cowan, J. D., & Walsh, D. (2001). Terminal sedation in palliative medicine--definition and review of the literature. Supportive Care in Cancer, 9(6), 403-407.

Cunliffe, J. (2003). Reflections on pain management: a case study. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 9(10), 449-453.

Curatolo, M., & Bogduk, N. (2001). Pharmacologic pain treatment of musculoskeletal disorders: current perspectives and future prospects. Clinical Journal of Pain, 17(1), 25-32.

Cuttini, M., Casotto, V., Saracci, R., & Orzalesi, M. (2003). In search of a good death: Health professionals' beliefs may undermine effective pain relief for dying patients.[comment]. Bmj, 327(7408), 222.

Davies, J., & McVicar, A. (2000). Balancing efficiency, cost-effectiveness and patient choice in opioid selection. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 6(10), 470-478.

Davies, J., & McVicar, A. (2000). Issues in effective pain control. 1: Assessment and education. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 6(2), 58-65.

Davies, J., & McVicar, A. (2000). Issues in effective pain control. 2: From assessment to management. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 6(4), 162-169.

Davis, M. P., Dickerson, E. D., Pappagallo, M., Varga, J., Shuster, J., Jr., & Benedetti, C. (2001). Palliative care: a long-term solution for long-term care. Part 3: analgesic therapy. Home Care Provider, 6(5), 164-170; quiz 171, 161p after 176.

Davis, M. P., Dickerson, E. D., Pappagallo, M., Varga, J., Shuster, J., Jr., & Benedetti, C. (2001). Palliative care: long-term solution for long-term care. Part 2. Types of pain: a review. Home Care Provider, 6(4), 126-133; quiz 134-125.

Davis, M. P., Varga, J., Dickerson, D., Walsh, D., LeGrand, S. B., & Lagman, R. (2003). Normal-release and controlled-release oxycodone: pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and controversy. Support Care Cancer, 11(2), 84-92.

Day, R. (2001). The use of epidural and intrathecal analgesia in palliative care. International Journal of Palliative Nursing, 7(8), 369-374.

De Cicco, M., Bortolussi, R., Fantin, D., Matovic, M., Fracasso, A., Fabiani, F., et al. (2002). Supportive therapy of elderly cancer patients. Critical Reviews in Oncology-Hematology, 42(2), 189-211.

Dougados, M., Dijkmans, B., Khan, M., Maksymowych, W., van der Linden, S., & Brandt, J. (2002). Conventional treatments for ankylosing spondylitis. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases, 61(Suppl 3), iii40-50.

Dubois, M. Y., Fine, P. G., Fischberg, D., Ferrell, B., & Taylor, M. L. (2003). Pain management at the end of life: often a difficult call. Pain Medicine, 4(1), 81-84.

Dunegan, L. J. (2000). The ethics of pain management... this article was adapted from a session at the 1999 American Geriatrics Society Annual Meeting. Annals of Long Term Care, 8(11), 23-26.

Dunlop, R. J., & Campbell, C. W. (2000). Cytokines and advanced cancer. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 20(3), 214-232.

Earle, C. C., Park, E. R., Lai, B., Weeks, J. C., Ayanian, J. Z., & Block, S. (2003). Identifying potential indicators of the quality of end-of-life cancer care from administrative data. Journal of Clinical Oncology, 21(6), 1133-1138.

el-Kamar, F. G., Grossbard, M. L., & Kozuch, P. S. (2003). Metastatic pancreatic cancer: emerging strategies in chemotherapy and palliative care. Oncologist, 8(1), 18-34.

Esper, P., & Redman, B. G. (1999). Supportive care, pain management, and quality of life in advanced prostate cancer. Urologic Clinics of North America, 26(2), 375-389.

Evans, B. D. (2002). Improving palliative care in the nursing home: from a dementia perspective. Journal of Hospice & Palliative Nursing, 4(2), 91-102.

Evers, M. M., Purohit, D., Perl, D., Khan, K., & Marin, D. B. (2002). Palliative and aggressive end-of-life care for patients with dementia. Psychiatric Services, 53(5), 609-613.

Fainsinger, R. L., Waller, A., Bercovici, M., Bengtson, K., Landman, W., Hosking, M., et al. (2000). A multicentre international study of sedation for uncontrolled symptoms in terminally ill patients. Palliative Medicine, 14(4), 257-265.

Fargas-Babjak, A. (2001). Acupuncture, transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, and laser therapy in chronic pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 17(4 Suppl), S105-113.

Fine, P. G. (2002). The ethical imperative to relieve pain at life's end. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 23(4), 273-277.

Fine, P. G. (2002). Palliative radiation therapy in end-of-life care: evidence-based utilization.[comment]. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, 19(3), 166-170.

Fins, J. J. (1999). Acts of omission and commission in pain management: the ethics of naloxone use. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 17(2), 120-124.

Fins, J. J., Gentilesco, B. J., Carver, A., Lister, P., Acres, C. A., Payne, R., et al. (2003). Reflective practice and palliative care education: a clerkship responds to the informal and hidden curricula. Academic Medicine, 78(3), 307-312.

Fisher, K., Coderre, T. J., & Hagen, N. A. (2000). Targeting the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor for chronic pain management. Preclinical animal studies, recent clinical experience and future research directions. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 20(5), 358-373.

Fleming, D. A. (2002). Relieving pain: what are today's ethical and legal risks? Missouri Medicine, 99(10), 560-565.

Furrow, B. R. (2001). Pain management and provider liability: no more excuses. Journal of Law, Medicine & Ethics, 29(1), 28-51.

Giammarile, F., Mognetti, T., & Resche, I. (2001). Bone pain palliation with strontium-89 in cancer patients with bone metastases. Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 45(1), 78-83.

Gibson, M. C., & Schroder, C. (2001). The many faces of pain for older, dying adults. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, 18(1), 19-25.

Goldstein, N. E., & Lynn, J. (2002). The 107th Congress' legislative proposals concerning end-of-life care. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 5(6), 819-827.

Good, P. D. (2003). Advances in palliative care relevant to the wider delivery of healthcare. Medical Journal of Australia, 179(6 Suppl), S44-46.

Gordin, V., Weaver, M. A., & Hahn, M. B. (2001). Acute and chronic pain management in palliative care. Best Practice & Research in Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 15(2), 203-234.

Gordon, A. S. (2001). End-of-life issues. Caring, 20(2), 6-9.

Greenstreet, W. (2001). The concept of total pain: a focused patient care study. British Journal of Nursing, 10(19), 1248-1255.

Han, S. H., De Klerk, J. M., Zonnenberg, B. A., Tan, S., & Van Rijk, P. P. (2001). 186Re-etidronate. Efficacy of palliative radionuclide therapy for painful bone metastases. Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 45(1), 84-90.

Helmrich, S., Yates, P., Nash, R., Hobman, A., Poulton, V., & Berggren, L. (2001). Factors influencing nurses' decisions to use non-pharmacological therapies to manage patients' pain. Australian Journal of Advanced Nursing, 19(1), 27-35.

Hermsen, M. A., & ten Have, H. A. (2003). Moral problems in palliative care practice: a qualitative study. Medicine, Health Care & Philosophy, 6(3), 263-272.

Herndon, C. M., Jackson, K. C., 2nd, & Hallin, P. A. (2002). Management of opioid-induced gastrointestinal effects in patients receiving palliative care. Pharmacotherapy, 22(2), 240-250.

Hooke, C., Hellsten, M. B., Stutzer, C., & Forte, K. (2002). Pain management for the child with cancer in end-of-life care: APON position paper. Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing, 19(2), 43-47.

Hunt, A., Goldman, A., Devine, T., Phillips, M., & Group, F.-G.-S. (2001). Transdermal fentanyl for pain relief in a paediatric palliative care population. Palliative Medicine, 15(5), 405-412.

Inturrisi, C. E. (2002). Clinical pharmacology of opioids for pain. Clin J Pain, 18(4 Suppl), S3-13.

Jacobson, P. L., & Mann, J. D. (2003). Evolving role of the neurologist in the diagnosis and treatment of chronic noncancer pain. Mayo Clin Proc, 78(1), 80-84.

Jakobsson, U., & Hallberg, I. R. (2002). Pain and quality of life among older people with rheumatoid arthritis and/or osteoarthritis: a literature review. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 11(4), 430-443.

Kaasa, S., & Loge, J. H. (2003). Quality of life in palliative care: principles and practice. Palliative Medicine, 17(1), 11-20.

Kane, J. R., & Primomo, M. (2001). Alleviating the suffering of seriously ill children. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, 18(3), 161-169.

Kee, C. C., & Epps, C. D. (2001). Pain management practices of nurses caring for older patients with osteoarthritis. Western Journal of Nursing Research, 23(2), 195-210.

Kissane, D. W., Spruyt, O., & Aranda, S. (2000). Palliative care--new approaches to the problem of suffering. Australian & New Zealand Journal of Medicine, 30(3), 377-384.

Krout, R. E. (2001). The effects of single-session music therapy interventions on the observed and self-reported levels of pain control, physical comfort, and relaxation of hospice patients. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, 18(6), 383-390.

Krupp, L. B., & Rizvi, S. A. (2002). Symptomatic therapy for underrecognized manifestations of multiple sclerosis. Neurology, 58(8 Suppl 4), S32-39.

Kumar, K. S., Rajagopal, M. R., & Naseema, A. M. (2000). Intravenous morphine for emergency treatment of cancer pain. Palliative Medicine, 14(3), 183-188.

Kvale, P. A., Simoff, M., Prakash, U. B., & American College of Chest, P. (2003). Lung cancer. Palliative care. Chest, 123(1 Suppl), 284S-311S.

LaDuke, S. (2002). Ethical issues in pain management. Critical Care Nursing Clinics of North America, 14(2), 165-170.

Lande, S. D., & Loeser, J. D. (2001). The future of pain management in managed care. Managed Care Interface, 14(5), 69-75.

Larson, J. S., & Larson, K. K. (2002). Evaluating end-of-life care from the perspective of the patient's family. Evaluation & the Health Professions, 25(2), 143-151.

Lema, M. J. (2001). Invasive analgesia techniques for advanced cancer pain. Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America, 10(1), 127-136.

Lema, M. J. (2002). Emerging options with coxib therapy. Cleve Clin J Med, 69 Suppl 1, SI76-84.

Letizia, M., Creech, S., Norton, E., Shanahan, M., & Hedges, L. (2004). Barriers to caregiver administration of pain medication in hospice care. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 27(2), 114-124.

Levine, B., King, T., Pestaner, J. P., & Smialek, J. E. (2001). Palliative pain therapy at the end of life and forensic medicine issues. American Journal of Forensic Medicine & Pathology, 22(1), 62-64.

Li, J. M. (2002). Pain management in the hospitalized patient. Med Clin North Am, 86(4), 771-795.

Livingstone, H. (2003). Pain relief in the developing world: the experience of hospice Africa-Uganda. Journal of Pain & Palliative Care Pharmacotherapy, 17(3-4), 107-118; discussion 119-120.

Lord, S. M., & Bogduk, N. (2002). Radiofrequency procedures in chronic pain. Best Practice & Research. Clinical Anaesthesiology, 16(4), 597-617.

Lukowski, L. I., Murry, T., Hall, J., & Algozzine, R. F. (2001). Anesthesia practitioner involvement, invasive treatments, and need in hospice pain management: a survey of patient care coordinators. American Journal of Hospice

& Palliative Care, 18(2), 113-123.

MacDonald, N. (2002). Redefining symptom management. Journal of Palliative Medicine, 5(2), 301-304.

Mannion, R. J., & Woolf, C. J. (2000). Pain mechanisms and management: a central perspective. Clinical Journal of Pain, 16(3 Suppl), S144-156.

McCahill, L., & Ferrell, B. (2002). Palliative surgery for cancer pain. Western Journal of Medicine, 176(2), 107-110.

McClain, K., & Perkins, P. (2002). Terminally ill patients in the emergency department: a practical overview of end-of-life issues. Journal of Emergency Nursing, 28(6), 515-522.

McEwan, A. J. (2000). Use of radionuclides for the palliation of bone metastases. Seminars in Radiation Oncology, 10(2), 103-114.

McPherson, C. J., & Addington-Hall, J. M. (2003). Judging the quality of care at the end of life: can proxies provide reliable information? Soc Sci Med, 56(1), 95-109.

McPherson, C. J., & Addington-Hall, J. M. (2004). How do proxies' perceptions of patients' pain, anxiety, and depression change during the bereavement period? Journal of Palliative Care, 20(1), 12-19.

McQuay, H. J., Collins, S. L., Carroll, D., & Moore, R. A. (2000). Radiotherapy for the palliation of painful bone metastases. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews(2), CD001793.

Mercadante, S., & Portenoy, R. K. (2001). Opioid poorly-responsive cancer pain. Part 1: clinical considerations. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 21(2), 144-150.

Mercadante, S., & Portenoy, R. K. (2001). Opioid poorly-responsive cancer pain. Part 3: clinical strategies to improve opioid responsiveness. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 21(4), 338-354.

Mercadante, S., Radbruch, L., Caraceni, A., Cherny, N., Kaasa, S., Nauck, F., et al. (2002). Episodic (breakthrough) pain: consensus conference of an expert working group of the European Association for Palliative Care. Cancer, 94(3), 832-839.

Meyer, M. (1999). Palliative care and AIDS: 1--pain. International Journal of STD & AIDS, 10(2), 80-86; quiz 87-88.

Milch, R. A. (2000). The dying patient: pain management at the hospice level. Current Review of Pain, 4(3), 215-218.

Miller, K. E., Miller, M. M., & Jolley, M. R. (2001). Challenges in pain management at the end of life. American Family Physician, 64(7), 1227-1234.

Miller, L. L., Nelson, L. L., & Mezey, M. (2000). Comfort and pain relief in dementia: awakening a new beneficence. Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 26(9), 32-40.

Miller, S. C., Mor, V., Wu, N., Gozalo, P., & Lapane, K. (2002). Does receipt of hospice care in nursing homes improve the management of pain at the end of life? Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 50(3), 507-515.

Mior, S. (2001). Exercise in the treatment of chronic pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 17(4 Suppl), S77-85.

Mior, S. (2001). Manipulation and mobilization in the treatment of chronic pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 17(4 Suppl), S70-76.

Morita, T., Hirai, K., Akechi, T., & Uchitomi, Y. (2003). Similarity and difference among standard medical care, palliative sedation therapy, and euthanasia: a multidimensional scaling analysis on physicians' and the general population's opinions. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 25(4), 357-362.

Moss, M. S., Braunschweig, H., & Rubinstein, R. L. (2002). Terminal care for nursing home residents with dementia. Alzheimer's Care Quarterly, 3(3), 233-246.

Moynihan, T. J. (2003). Use of opioids in the treatment of severe pain in terminally ill patients--dying should not be painful. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 78(11), 1397-1401.

Munk, P. L., Torreggiani, W., Legiehn, G., Morris, D. C., & Ho, S. G. (2001). Palliative treatment of metastatic bone pain by embolization. Clinical Radiology, 56(4), 339.

Neeman, Z., & Wood, B. J. (2002). Radiofrequency ablation beyond the liver. Techniques in Vascular & Interventional Radiology, 5(3), 156-163.

Nelson, J. E. (2002). Palliative care of the chronically critically ill patient. Critical Care Clinics, 18(3), 659-681.

Newshan, G., & Sherman, D. W. (1999). Palliative care: pain and symptom management in persons with HIV/AIDS. Nursing Clinics of North America, 34(1), 131-145.

Nicholas, R. W., & Thompson, A. R. (2000). Orthopaedic management of chronic pain: pain management for the cancer patient. Instructional Course Lectures, 49, 513-521.

Nielsen, K. C., & Steele, S. M. (2002). Outcome after regional anaesthesia in the ambulatory setting--is it really worth it? Best Practice & Research Clinical Anaesthesiology, 16(2), 145-157.

Nielson, W. R., & Weir, R. (2001). Biopsychosocial approaches to the treatment of chronic pain. Clinical Journal of Pain, 17(4 Suppl), S114-127.

Novak, B., Kolcaba, K., Steiner, R., & Dowd, T. (2001). Measuring comfort in caregivers and patients during late end-of-life care. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, 18(3), 170-180.

Oakley, J. C., & Prager, J. P. (2002). Spinal cord stimulation: mechanisms of action. Spine, 27(22), 2574-2583.

Ohman, M., Soderberg, S., & Lundman, B. (2003). Hovering between suffering and enduring: the meaning of living with serious chronic illness. Qualitative Health Research, 13(4), 528-542.

Owens, M. R., Simmons, B., Gibson, P. S., & Weeks, D. (2001). A longitudinal study of pain in hospice and pre-hospice patients. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, 18(2), 124-128.

Pan, C. X., Soriano, R. P., & Fischberg, D. J. (2002). Palliative care module within a required geriatrics clerkship: taking advantage of existing partnerships. Acad Med, 77(9), 936-937.

Panke, J. T. (2002). Difficulties in managing pain at the end of life. AJN, American Journal of Nursing, 102(7), 26-33; quiz 34.

Pantilat, S. Z. (2002). End-of-life care for the hospitalized patient. Med Clin North Am, 86(4), 749-770, viii.

Pargeon, K. L., & Hailey, B. J. (1999). Barriers to effective cancer pain management: a review of the literature. Journal of Pain & Symptom Management, 18(5), 358-368.

Payne, R., Medina, E., & Hampton, J. W. (2003). Quality of life concerns in patients with breast cancer: evidence for disparity of outcomes and experiences in pain management and palliative care among African-American women. Cancer, 97(1 Suppl), 311-317.

Payne, S. K., Coyne, P., & Smith, T. J. (2002). The health economics of palliative care. Oncology (Huntingt), 16(6), 801-808; discussion 808, 811-802.

Perkins, E. M. (2002). Less morphine, or more? RN, 65(11), 51-54.

Perron, V., & Schonwetter, R. S. (2001). Assessment and management of pain in palliative care patients. Cancer Control, 8(1), 15-24.

Pierce, S. F., Dalton, J. A., & Duffey, M. (2001). The nurse's ethical obligation to relieve pain: actualizing the moral mandate. Journal of Nursing Law, 7(4), 19-26.

Portenoy, R. K., & Frager, G. (1999). Pain management: pharmacological approaches. Cancer Treatment & Research, 100, 1-29.

Proctor, M., Grealish, L., Coates, M., & Sears, P. (2000). Nurses' knowledge of palliative care in the Australian Capital Territory. International Journal of Palliative

Nursing, 6(9), 421-428.

Quigley, C., & Wiffen, P. (2003). A systematic review of hydromorphone in acute and chronic pain. J Pain Symptom Manage, 25(2), 169-178.

Radbruch, L., Sabatowski, R., Loick, G., Jonen-Thielemann, I., Kasper, M., Gondek, B., et al. (2000). Cognitive impairment and its influence on pain and symptom assessment in a palliative care unit: development of a Minimal Documentation System. Palliative Medicine, 14(4), 266-276.

Ray, J. B. (2001). Pharmacologic management of pain: the surgeon's responsibility. Surgical Oncology Clinics of North America, 10(1), 71-87.

Reginster, J. Y. (2002). The prevalence and burden of arthritis. Rheumatology, 41(Supp 1), 3-6.

Rich, B. A. (2000). An ethical analysis of the barriers to effective pain management. Cambridge Quarterly of Healthcare Ethics, 9(1), 54-70.

Ripamonti, C., & Fulfaro, F. (2001). Pathogenesis and pharmacological treatment of bone pain in skeletal metastases. Quarterly Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 45(1), 65-77.

Roberson, L. (2003). The importance of touch for the patient with dementia. Home Healthc Nurse, 21(1), 16-19.

Rose, M. A., & Kam, P. C. (2002). Gabapentin: pharmacology and its use in pain management. Anaesthesia, 57(5), 451-462.

Rosenblum, A., Joseph, H., Fong, C., Kipnis, S., Cleland, C., & Portenoy, R. K. (2003). Prevalence and characteristics of chronic pain among chemically dependent patients in methadone maintenance and residential treatment facilities. Jama, 289(18), 2370-2378.

Rousseau, P. (2000). The ethical validity and clinical experience of palliative sedation. Mayo Clinic Proceedings, 75(10), 1064-1069.

Rousseau, P. (2001). Existential suffering and palliative sedation: a brief commentary with a proposal for clinical guidelines. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, 18(3), 151-153.

Rousseau, P. (2001). The palliative use of high-dose corticosteroids in three terminally ill patients with pain. American Journal of Hospice & Palliative Care, 18(5), 343-346.

Ruoff, G., & Lema, M. (2003). Strategies in pain management: new and potential indications for COX-2 specific inhibitors. J Pain Symptom Manage, 25(2 Suppl), S21-31.

Ruoff, G. E. (2002). Challenges of managing chronic pain in the elderly. Seminars in Arthritis & Rheumatism, 32(3 Suppl 1), 43-50.

Russell, R. C. (1999). Palliation of pain and jaundice: an overview. Annals of Oncology, 10(Suppl 4), 165-169.

Saarto, T., Janes, R., Tenhunen, M., & Kouri, M. (2002). Palliative radiotherapy in the treatment of skeletal metastases. European Journal of Pain: Ejp, 6(5), 323-

330.

Sah, D. W., Ossipo, M. H., & Porreca, F. (2003). Neurotrophic factors as novel therapeutics for neuropathic pain. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 2(6), 460-472.

Sakorafas, G. H., Tsiotou, A. G., & Sarr, M. G. (1999). Intraoperative celiac plexus block in the surgical palliation for unresectable pancreatic cancer. European Journal of Surgical Oncology, 25(4), 427-431.

Savage, S. R. (2002). Assessment for addiction in pain-treatment settings. Clinical Journal of Pain, 18(4 Suppl), S28-38.

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