The
African American Dementia and Aging Project (AADAPt) overall goal
is to establish a group of African American elders who reside within
the Portland metropolitan area who will undergo regular follow-up
assessments in order to determine the incidence and specific risk
factors for age-related problems related to memory loss.
It
is hypothesized, due to increased incidence of hypertension and
vascular disease among African Americans in general, that some subjects
in this study will be at an increased risk for dementia. Factors
such as environmental stress, coping strategies and diet are potentially
modifiable and may represent areas for intervention in the development
of dementia in African American populations.
Inclusion
criteria included: self-reported African
American residing in the Portland metropolitan
area; age 65 (we accepted 5 seniors 60
to 64 and we accepted 1 senior with
a CDR of 1); ambulatory; adequate vision,
hearing and language abilities to understand,
consent and be able to complete assessments;
have available collateral historian
and can give informed consent; and no
evidence of dementia at entry.
Descriptive
data is listed below.
Table
1. Clinical Dementia
Rating scale (CDR).
Healthy score = 0;
Questionable Dementia = .5; Mild Dementia
= 1;
Total N = 101;
Missing = 5.
| CDR |
Frequency |
Percent |
| .00 |
58 |
58.7 |
| .05 |
41 |
38.7 |
| 1.0 |
1 |
.9 |
Table
2. Mini-Mental
Examination (MMSE). Perfect score
= 30. Correlation with age, r = -.20 (p< .05); with education, r = .51 (p< 01).
| Age |
Sample |
MMSE |
| 60-64 |
N=5 |
28.2
(1.79) |
| 65-69 |
N=32 |
27.7
(2.10) |
| 70-74 |
N=23 |
27.8
(2.21) |
| 75-79 |
N=24 |
26.7
(1.96) |
| 80-84 |
N=18 |
27.5
(2.50) |
| 85-89 |
N=4 |
24.8
(2.75) |
| Totals |
N=106 |
27.4
(2.75) |
Table
3. Consortium
to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer’s
Disease (CERAD) Word list, Perfect
scores: Acquisition = 30, Recall = 10,
Recognition = 20. Correlations with age,
Acquisition, r = -.35 (p< .0001),
Recall, r = -.21 (p < .04); Recognition = -.13 (p< .204);
correlation with education, Acquisition,
r = .41
(p < .0001); Recall, r = .34 (p < .001); Recognition, r = .260
(p < .008).
| Age |
Sample |
CERAD
Acquisition Totals |
Recall |
Recognition
Total |
| 60-64 |
N=5 |
20.2 (3.42) |
4.4 (2.88) |
19.6 (.894) |
| 65-69 |
N=32 |
18.7 (4.39) |
5.84 (2.30) |
18.78 (2.00) |
| 70-74 |
N=23 |
17.0 (5.19) |
5.65 (2.31) |
18.83 (2.19) |
| 75-79 |
N=24 |
16.3 (4.20) |
5.08 (2.48) |
18.5 (2.75) |
| 80-84 |
N=18 |
16.4 (5.09) |
5.28 (2.35) |
18.89 (1.97) |
| 85-89 |
N=4 |
13.3 (2.87) |
1.25 (1.26) |
17.25 (.957) |
| Totals |
N=106 |
|
|
|
Table
4. Animal fluency in
one minute. Correlation with age -.397
(p<.0001); with education, r = .304 (p<.002).
| Age |
Sample |
Animal
Fluency |
| 60-64 |
N=5 |
20.40 (3.65) |
| 65-69 |
N=32 |
16.78 (5.61) |
| 70-74 |
N=23 |
14.96 (3.93) |
| 75-79 |
N=24 |
15.42 (4.86) |
| 80-84 |
N=18 |
14.94 (3.51) |
| 85-89 |
N=4 |
14.00 (4.76) |
Table
5. CERAD abbreviated Boston Naming Test.
Perfect score= 15. Correlation with age,
r = -.397 (p<.0001); with education,
r = ..304 (p<.002).
| Age |
Sample |
CERAD
Boston Naming |
| 60-64 |
N=5 |
14.60 (.548) |
| 65-69 |
N=32 |
14.13 (1.31) |
| 70-74 |
N=23 |
13.48 (1.56) |
| 75-79 |
N=24 |
13.50 (1.50) |
| 80-84 |
N=18 |
12.61 (2.43) |
| 85-89 |
N=4 |
10.25 (2.22) |
Table
6. Symbol
Digit Modalities Test, Oral Administration.
Correlation with age, r = -.467 (p<.0001); with education r = .456 (p<.0001).
| Age |
Sample |
SDMT
(oral) |
| 60-64 |
N=5 |
48.40 (11.26) |
| 65-69 |
N=32 |
39.22 (11.06) |
| 70-74 |
N=23 |
34.04 (15.12) |
| 75-79 |
N=24 |
33.92 (11.96) |
| 80-84 |
N=18 |
28.17 (11.45) |
| 85-89 |
N=4 |
11.75 (6.50) |
Table
7. Wechsler
Memory Scale-Revised (WMS-R) Logical Memory.
Perfect scores Logical Memory I = 50,
II = 50. Correlations with age: Logical
Memory I, r = -.25 (p<.009); Logical Memory II, r = -.218 (p<.022);
with education , Logical Memory I, r = .358 (p<.0001); Logical
Memory II, r = .387 (p<.0001).
| Age |
Sample |
WMS-R
Logical Memory I |
WMS-R
Logical Memory II |
| 60-64 |
N=5 |
25.6
(6.54) |
23.00
(6.90) |
| 65-69 |
N=32 |
21.3
(7.29) |
19.69
(8.99) |
| 70-74 |
N=23 |
20.7
(6.33) |
18.78
(2.23) |
| 75-79 |
N=24 |
18.1
(6.17) |
16.67
(6.93) |
| 80-84 |
N=18 |
19.3
(6.04) |
17.78
(8.43) |
| 85-89 |
N=4 |
14.3
(4.65) |
10.25
(6.24) |
|
Summary Data from the African
American